In recent years, with the adjustment of agricultural structure and the breeding of some new high-yield soybean varieties, people have renewed interest in planting soybeans. However, because many farmers do not master the fertility characteristics of soybeans, fertilizer requirements and fertilization techniques, the yield is not high. This gives us an urgent question, how to apply science fertilization and capture high yields of soybeans?
Soy is a crop that requires more fertilizer. According to the study, for every 100 kilograms of soybean seeds produced, it is necessary to absorb 6.5 kilograms of pure nitrogen, 1.5 kilograms of available phosphorus, and 3.2 kilograms of effective potassium. The ratio of the three is roughly 4:1:2. Rhizobium can only fix nitrogen, and the nitrogen supplied to soybean only accounts for 50%-60% of the total nitrogen requirement of soybean. Therefore, a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements must also be applied to meet the needs of their normal growth and development.
First, apply more organic fertilizer. Using more organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer is not only beneficial to the growth and development of soybean, but also beneficial to the propagation of rhizobium and the formation of nodules, and enhances nitrogen fixation capacity. Generally, 3-4 tons of farmyard manure or 40-50 kilograms of cake fertilizer can be applied per mu. Because the sowing time is tight, it is not too late to apply the base fertilizer to the wheat field. It should be emphasized that the organic fertilizer is applied to the wheat field in the front and the wheat field is fertilized. Make the soybeans use the residual fertilizer and get a good harvest.
Second, skillfully apply nitrogen fertilizer. Soybeans require more nitrogen, but because of their own nitrogen-fixing capacity, there is not much nitrogen fertilizer to be applied. The key is to highlight a "clear" word. For medium-low fertility fields, timely and appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer has a better yield-increasing effect; high-fertilizer fields may or may not be applied with nitrogen fertilizer, and excessive application is not only wasteful, but also causes a reduction in production. Generally, the plot can apply 5 kg of urea per acre or 15 kg of diammonium bicarbonate.
Third, increase the application of phosphate fertilizer. Soybean, as an oil crop, requires more phosphorus nutrition and belongs to a phosphorus-friendly crop. Adequate supply of phosphate fertilizer plays an important role in ensuring normal growth of soybeans and increasing soybean yield. Therefore, soybean fertilizer should be applied with enough phosphate fertilizer. Phosphate fertilizer has poor mobility in the soil, so phosphate fertilizer should be used as base fertilizer. Generally, 15-20 kg of calcium phosphate or 8-10 kg of diammonium phosphate can be applied per acre. If the former glutinous wheat is applied with phosphate fertilizer, there is no phosphorus deficiency in the soil, and phosphate fertilizer can no longer be applied when planting soybeans.
Fourth, the rational application of potassium fertilizer. Potassium is also one of the main nutrients required for soy. The content of potassium in the soil is generally high, but due to the concept of heavy nitrogen and phosphorus and light potassium application in the agricultural production process, the application of potassium fertilizer is less or not applied, thus causing a relative lack of potassium. In particular, high-yield cultivation shows the deficiency of potassium fertilizer. The application of potassium fertilizer plays an important role in improving crop stress resistance and preventing premature aging of crops. Generally, 10 kg of potassium chloride can be applied per mu.
Fifth, pay attention to the application of micro-fertilizer. The most important trace elements for soybean growth and yield are molybdenum, zinc and boron. Molybdenum can promote the nitrogen fixation of soybean rhizobium and meet the nitrogen nutrition of soybean; while zinc and boron can increase the seed setting rate, and the application of molybdenum, zinc and boron can increase the yield of soybean. Molybdenum fertilizer (ammonium molybdate): alkaline fertilizer, base fertilizer 1~2kg per mu, foliar spray concentration 0.05%~0.1%, fertilizer about 100g~150g per acre; zinc fertilizer (zinc sulfate): alkaline fertilizer The base fertilizer is 1kg per mu, the foliar spray concentration is 0.01%~0.05%, the fertilizer is about 100g~150g per mu; the boron fertilizer (borax): alkaline fertilizer, the base fertilizer is 1~2kg per mu, and the foliar spray concentration is 0.1%~0.5%, about 100g~150g per acre.
Six, foliar spray fertilizer. Soybean enters the flower pod stage, which requires a variety of nutrients. At the end of the drum, the roots of the plant begin to age, and the absorption capacity decreases. Soybeans often cause early decay due to lack of fertilizer. Soybean leaves have a strong absorption capacity for nutrients. Foliar spray fertilizer can prolong the functional period of the leaves, and the fertilizer utilization rate is high, and the effect on the granules is obvious. The bean field with premature aging in the early stage of blasting can be sprayed with 0.5-1 kg of urea per acre and 100-150 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to 75 kg of water.
Author: Xie Huifang (Xiangcheng County, Henan Province Agricultural Technology Promotion Center)
Soy is a crop that requires more fertilizer. According to the study, for every 100 kilograms of soybean seeds produced, it is necessary to absorb 6.5 kilograms of pure nitrogen, 1.5 kilograms of available phosphorus, and 3.2 kilograms of effective potassium. The ratio of the three is roughly 4:1:2. Rhizobium can only fix nitrogen, and the nitrogen supplied to soybean only accounts for 50%-60% of the total nitrogen requirement of soybean. Therefore, a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements must also be applied to meet the needs of their normal growth and development.
First, apply more organic fertilizer. Using more organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer is not only beneficial to the growth and development of soybean, but also beneficial to the propagation of rhizobium and the formation of nodules, and enhances nitrogen fixation capacity. Generally, 3-4 tons of farmyard manure or 40-50 kilograms of cake fertilizer can be applied per mu. Because the sowing time is tight, it is not too late to apply the base fertilizer to the wheat field. It should be emphasized that the organic fertilizer is applied to the wheat field in the front and the wheat field is fertilized. Make the soybeans use the residual fertilizer and get a good harvest.
Second, skillfully apply nitrogen fertilizer. Soybeans require more nitrogen, but because of their own nitrogen-fixing capacity, there is not much nitrogen fertilizer to be applied. The key is to highlight a "clear" word. For medium-low fertility fields, timely and appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer has a better yield-increasing effect; high-fertilizer fields may or may not be applied with nitrogen fertilizer, and excessive application is not only wasteful, but also causes a reduction in production. Generally, the plot can apply 5 kg of urea per acre or 15 kg of diammonium bicarbonate.
Third, increase the application of phosphate fertilizer. Soybean, as an oil crop, requires more phosphorus nutrition and belongs to a phosphorus-friendly crop. Adequate supply of phosphate fertilizer plays an important role in ensuring normal growth of soybeans and increasing soybean yield. Therefore, soybean fertilizer should be applied with enough phosphate fertilizer. Phosphate fertilizer has poor mobility in the soil, so phosphate fertilizer should be used as base fertilizer. Generally, 15-20 kg of calcium phosphate or 8-10 kg of diammonium phosphate can be applied per acre. If the former glutinous wheat is applied with phosphate fertilizer, there is no phosphorus deficiency in the soil, and phosphate fertilizer can no longer be applied when planting soybeans.
Fourth, the rational application of potassium fertilizer. Potassium is also one of the main nutrients required for soy. The content of potassium in the soil is generally high, but due to the concept of heavy nitrogen and phosphorus and light potassium application in the agricultural production process, the application of potassium fertilizer is less or not applied, thus causing a relative lack of potassium. In particular, high-yield cultivation shows the deficiency of potassium fertilizer. The application of potassium fertilizer plays an important role in improving crop stress resistance and preventing premature aging of crops. Generally, 10 kg of potassium chloride can be applied per mu.
Fifth, pay attention to the application of micro-fertilizer. The most important trace elements for soybean growth and yield are molybdenum, zinc and boron. Molybdenum can promote the nitrogen fixation of soybean rhizobium and meet the nitrogen nutrition of soybean; while zinc and boron can increase the seed setting rate, and the application of molybdenum, zinc and boron can increase the yield of soybean. Molybdenum fertilizer (ammonium molybdate): alkaline fertilizer, base fertilizer 1~2kg per mu, foliar spray concentration 0.05%~0.1%, fertilizer about 100g~150g per acre; zinc fertilizer (zinc sulfate): alkaline fertilizer The base fertilizer is 1kg per mu, the foliar spray concentration is 0.01%~0.05%, the fertilizer is about 100g~150g per mu; the boron fertilizer (borax): alkaline fertilizer, the base fertilizer is 1~2kg per mu, and the foliar spray concentration is 0.1%~0.5%, about 100g~150g per acre.
Six, foliar spray fertilizer. Soybean enters the flower pod stage, which requires a variety of nutrients. At the end of the drum, the roots of the plant begin to age, and the absorption capacity decreases. Soybeans often cause early decay due to lack of fertilizer. Soybean leaves have a strong absorption capacity for nutrients. Foliar spray fertilizer can prolong the functional period of the leaves, and the fertilizer utilization rate is high, and the effect on the granules is obvious. The bean field with premature aging in the early stage of blasting can be sprayed with 0.5-1 kg of urea per acre and 100-150 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to 75 kg of water.
Author: Xie Huifang (Xiangcheng County, Henan Province Agricultural Technology Promotion Center)
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