I. Production Status of Zhanhua Winter Dates Zhanhua County of Shandong Province has cultivated the characteristic industry of Zhanhua Dongzao according to “starting up and realizing scale; organizing and realizing industrialization; scale up and standardizationâ€. In recent years, the county has vigorously promoted the standardized production of winter jujube and vigorously developed green winter jujube and organic winter jujube. At present, the area of ​​winter jujube dense planting has reached 36,000 hectares, the total output has reached 250 million kilograms, and the sales income has reached 1.5 billion yuan.
Second, the nutrient status of winter jujube garden Zhanhua County's soil type is mainly coastal tidal soil and coastal salinized tidal soil. According to the sample survey this spring, the average content of soil organic matter in winter jujube garden is 10.25 g/kg, and alkali nitrogen is 38.74 mg/kg. , available phosphorus 8.46 mg / kg, available potassium content 185.3 mg / kg. The nutrient shortage in the plough layer is an important indicator of soil fertility. From the perspective of stable yield and high yield requirements, the soil nutrients in the county have higher levels of available potassium, and the other nutrients are lower. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 4.6. 1: 1:1.9. From the perspective of fertilizer supply, the ratio is out of balance and there is a serious deficiency of phosphorus. According to this situation, it laid the foundation for the next step of fertilization and formula production of special fertilizer.
3. Fertilization technology The selection of fertilizers should meet the requirements for the production of pollution-free fruits. It should be based on organic fertilizers such as compost, manure, circle fertilizer, crop straw, cake fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, and manure, and use inorganic chemical fertilizers in an appropriate amount to make organic and inorganic. Use of fertilizers. Organic fertilizers include: compost, manure, circle fertilizer, crop straw, cake fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, manure fertilizer, etc.; inorganic fertilizers include: mineral phosphate fertilizer (phosphorus phosphate), mineral nitrogen fertilizer, mineral potassium fertilizer, limestone, nitrogen fertilizer optimized according to soil nutrient status , phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and inorganic compound fertilizer that meets the requirements, mainly composed of copper, zinc, iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum and other trace elements and beneficial elements.
1. Base fertilizer is the basic fertilizer for the growth of winter jujube trees. Generally, it can be applied in spring and autumn, but it is better in autumn after fruit harvesting and before defoliation. During this period, the leaves still have certain photosynthetic efficiency, and the roots are in the last growth peak of the annual cycle, which is beneficial to the absorption of mineral nutrients. The accumulation of organic nutrients. The purpose of the autumn application of the base fertilizer is to increase the storage nutrients of the tree to meet the needs of germination, flower bud differentiation and flowering and fruit setting.
Adding base fertilizer combined with deep tillage to change soil, mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. Multi-cavity application method should be adopted, and the method of ditch fertilization should be prohibited, and the method of “fertilization of water†should be advocated. Young trees (below 5 years old) plant organic fertilizer 25 kg ~ 50 kg, urea or diammonium phosphate 0.15 kg ~ 0.4 kg, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 1 kg ~ 2 kg; mature trees apply organic fertilizer 100 kg ~ 150 kg, Urea or diammonium phosphate 0.4 kg ~ 1 kg, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 2 kg ~ 4 kg, potassium sulfate 1.5 kg or 10 g of plant ash.
2. The underground topdressing and topdressing are carried out three times a year, respectively, before the germination, the fruit setting period, and the fruit expansion period.
The early stage of the growth of winter jujube is a fierce period for the competition of various organs. At this time, due to the lack of storage nutrients of the tree, the normal growth and development of each organ is affected, and even the flowering and fruit setting is poor, and the fruit development is hindered. Therefore, this top dressing can make the germination of winter jujube trees uniform, grow vigorously, the jujube is long and the leaves are large, which is conducive to flower bud differentiation, which not only ensures the nutrient demand of the normal growth of winter jujube trees, but also contributes to the increase of yield. This time, the topdressing is mainly based on available nitrogen and phosphorus. The saplings are applied with diammonium phosphate from 0.1 kg to 0.2 kg, and the mature tree plants are applied with diammonium phosphate from 0.3 kg to 0.4 kg.
In the first half of June, the flowering and fruiting period consumes a lot of nutrients, but often due to insufficient nutrition, it causes a lot of flowers and fruit drop. Therefore, it is very important to topdress during flowering. This topdressing can promote the robust growth of branches and leaves, improve the quality of flower bud differentiation, increase the fruit setting rate, and reduce the fruit drop. Conducive to the growth and development of the fruit. The type of fertilizer is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, the saplings of saplings are 0.1 kg to 0.2 kg, and the mature trees are 0.25 kg to 0.4 kg.
In early July, the young fruit was inflated and topdressed. The purpose of this topdressing was to reduce physiological fruit drop, promote fruit enlargement, and improve fruit yield and quality. In this period, NPK and trace element compound fertilizers were applied, and the saplings were applied from 0.4 kg to 0.5 kg, and the mature trees were applied at 0.6 kg to 1 kg.
3. The external top dressing is also called foliar spray fertilizer. In the growing season of winter jujube trees, the fertilizer is formulated into a certain concentration of liquid and sprayed on the tree. This method is simple and easy to use, with less fertilizer and quick effect. Generally, it can be processed into the leaves in 1 to 2 hours after spraying, and it is used by the tree body, and the yield increasing effect is very obvious.
Foliar spray fertilizer is an indispensable fertilization method in the topdressing of winter jujube trees. Spraying urea solution on the foliar surface before flowering, flowering, young fruit and late growth can increase the nitrogen supply of the soil and deepen the color of the leaves. Improve photosynthetic efficiency, thus contributing to nutrient accumulation and yield increase. Spraying boric acid during flowering is conducive to increasing the fruit setting rate. Spraying phosphorus and potassium solutions during the young fruit period can improve fruit quality and yield. Due to the iron-deficient yellow leaves caused by soil salinity, spraying ferrite can turn the yellow leaves into green, which also has a good effect on restoring tree potential. Foliar spray fertilizer, flowering period should be used alone, in other periods can be combined with pest control, mixed with some pesticides that can be mixed. From the end of May, the leaves are sprayed once every half month. When spraying fertilizer, care should be taken to spray the fertilizer on the back of the blade, because the back of the plant leaves absorb nutrients faster than the front of the blade. Spray fertilizer should be carried out on a windless sunny day. During the day, it is best from 4 to 5 pm to the evening, followed by morning to 10 am. Because of the high temperature at noon, the evaporation is large, affecting the utilization rate of fertilizers and even causing fertilizer damage. The concentration of foliar spray fertilizer is as follows: urea 0.3% to 0.5%; potassium sulfate 0.4%; potassium nitrate 0.5% to 1%; zinc sulfate 0.3%; ferrous sulfate 0.3%; magnesium sulfate 0.1%; borax 0.5% to 0.7 %; superphosphate calcium leaching solution 2%; grass ash leaching solution 4%; potassium dihydrogen sulfate 0.3%. Author: Xie Shuying
Source of information: Modern Agriculture
Second, the nutrient status of winter jujube garden Zhanhua County's soil type is mainly coastal tidal soil and coastal salinized tidal soil. According to the sample survey this spring, the average content of soil organic matter in winter jujube garden is 10.25 g/kg, and alkali nitrogen is 38.74 mg/kg. , available phosphorus 8.46 mg / kg, available potassium content 185.3 mg / kg. The nutrient shortage in the plough layer is an important indicator of soil fertility. From the perspective of stable yield and high yield requirements, the soil nutrients in the county have higher levels of available potassium, and the other nutrients are lower. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 4.6. 1: 1:1.9. From the perspective of fertilizer supply, the ratio is out of balance and there is a serious deficiency of phosphorus. According to this situation, it laid the foundation for the next step of fertilization and formula production of special fertilizer.
3. Fertilization technology The selection of fertilizers should meet the requirements for the production of pollution-free fruits. It should be based on organic fertilizers such as compost, manure, circle fertilizer, crop straw, cake fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, and manure, and use inorganic chemical fertilizers in an appropriate amount to make organic and inorganic. Use of fertilizers. Organic fertilizers include: compost, manure, circle fertilizer, crop straw, cake fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, manure fertilizer, etc.; inorganic fertilizers include: mineral phosphate fertilizer (phosphorus phosphate), mineral nitrogen fertilizer, mineral potassium fertilizer, limestone, nitrogen fertilizer optimized according to soil nutrient status , phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and inorganic compound fertilizer that meets the requirements, mainly composed of copper, zinc, iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum and other trace elements and beneficial elements.
1. Base fertilizer is the basic fertilizer for the growth of winter jujube trees. Generally, it can be applied in spring and autumn, but it is better in autumn after fruit harvesting and before defoliation. During this period, the leaves still have certain photosynthetic efficiency, and the roots are in the last growth peak of the annual cycle, which is beneficial to the absorption of mineral nutrients. The accumulation of organic nutrients. The purpose of the autumn application of the base fertilizer is to increase the storage nutrients of the tree to meet the needs of germination, flower bud differentiation and flowering and fruit setting.
Adding base fertilizer combined with deep tillage to change soil, mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. Multi-cavity application method should be adopted, and the method of ditch fertilization should be prohibited, and the method of “fertilization of water†should be advocated. Young trees (below 5 years old) plant organic fertilizer 25 kg ~ 50 kg, urea or diammonium phosphate 0.15 kg ~ 0.4 kg, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 1 kg ~ 2 kg; mature trees apply organic fertilizer 100 kg ~ 150 kg, Urea or diammonium phosphate 0.4 kg ~ 1 kg, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 2 kg ~ 4 kg, potassium sulfate 1.5 kg or 10 g of plant ash.
2. The underground topdressing and topdressing are carried out three times a year, respectively, before the germination, the fruit setting period, and the fruit expansion period.
The early stage of the growth of winter jujube is a fierce period for the competition of various organs. At this time, due to the lack of storage nutrients of the tree, the normal growth and development of each organ is affected, and even the flowering and fruit setting is poor, and the fruit development is hindered. Therefore, this top dressing can make the germination of winter jujube trees uniform, grow vigorously, the jujube is long and the leaves are large, which is conducive to flower bud differentiation, which not only ensures the nutrient demand of the normal growth of winter jujube trees, but also contributes to the increase of yield. This time, the topdressing is mainly based on available nitrogen and phosphorus. The saplings are applied with diammonium phosphate from 0.1 kg to 0.2 kg, and the mature tree plants are applied with diammonium phosphate from 0.3 kg to 0.4 kg.
In the first half of June, the flowering and fruiting period consumes a lot of nutrients, but often due to insufficient nutrition, it causes a lot of flowers and fruit drop. Therefore, it is very important to topdress during flowering. This topdressing can promote the robust growth of branches and leaves, improve the quality of flower bud differentiation, increase the fruit setting rate, and reduce the fruit drop. Conducive to the growth and development of the fruit. The type of fertilizer is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, the saplings of saplings are 0.1 kg to 0.2 kg, and the mature trees are 0.25 kg to 0.4 kg.
In early July, the young fruit was inflated and topdressed. The purpose of this topdressing was to reduce physiological fruit drop, promote fruit enlargement, and improve fruit yield and quality. In this period, NPK and trace element compound fertilizers were applied, and the saplings were applied from 0.4 kg to 0.5 kg, and the mature trees were applied at 0.6 kg to 1 kg.
3. The external top dressing is also called foliar spray fertilizer. In the growing season of winter jujube trees, the fertilizer is formulated into a certain concentration of liquid and sprayed on the tree. This method is simple and easy to use, with less fertilizer and quick effect. Generally, it can be processed into the leaves in 1 to 2 hours after spraying, and it is used by the tree body, and the yield increasing effect is very obvious.
Foliar spray fertilizer is an indispensable fertilization method in the topdressing of winter jujube trees. Spraying urea solution on the foliar surface before flowering, flowering, young fruit and late growth can increase the nitrogen supply of the soil and deepen the color of the leaves. Improve photosynthetic efficiency, thus contributing to nutrient accumulation and yield increase. Spraying boric acid during flowering is conducive to increasing the fruit setting rate. Spraying phosphorus and potassium solutions during the young fruit period can improve fruit quality and yield. Due to the iron-deficient yellow leaves caused by soil salinity, spraying ferrite can turn the yellow leaves into green, which also has a good effect on restoring tree potential. Foliar spray fertilizer, flowering period should be used alone, in other periods can be combined with pest control, mixed with some pesticides that can be mixed. From the end of May, the leaves are sprayed once every half month. When spraying fertilizer, care should be taken to spray the fertilizer on the back of the blade, because the back of the plant leaves absorb nutrients faster than the front of the blade. Spray fertilizer should be carried out on a windless sunny day. During the day, it is best from 4 to 5 pm to the evening, followed by morning to 10 am. Because of the high temperature at noon, the evaporation is large, affecting the utilization rate of fertilizers and even causing fertilizer damage. The concentration of foliar spray fertilizer is as follows: urea 0.3% to 0.5%; potassium sulfate 0.4%; potassium nitrate 0.5% to 1%; zinc sulfate 0.3%; ferrous sulfate 0.3%; magnesium sulfate 0.1%; borax 0.5% to 0.7 %; superphosphate calcium leaching solution 2%; grass ash leaching solution 4%; potassium dihydrogen sulfate 0.3%. Author: Xie Shuying
Source of information: Modern Agriculture
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