Five principles of cotton fertilization


Cotton is a deep root crop with a long growing season and a large amount of fertilizer. It has high requirements for soil fertility. Generally, cotton fertilization must master the five principles of “foot, light, steady, heavy and complementary”.

     The foot is applied to the base fertilizer. The amount of base fertilizer should reach 60% to 70% of the total fertilization amount in the whole growth period , mainly based on organic fertilizer and supplemented by chemical fertilizer. Generally, high-yield cotton fields apply 3,000 to 4,000 kilograms of organic fertilizer , and medium-weight cotton fields apply 2,000 to 3,000 kilograms of organic fertilizer . High-yield cotton fields apply 6.5 to 8.5 kilograms of pure nitrogen , and medium-sized cotton fields apply 4.5 to 6.5 kilograms of pure nitrogen . Phosphate should be used as base fertilizer. Application: Generally, the use of phosphorus pentoxide is 5.5 to 7.5 kg; potassium fertilizer is better for base fertilizer and topdressing, and high-yield cotton field is applied with potassium oxide of 9 to 12 kg, and middle-age cotton field is applied with potassium oxide of 6 to 9 kg; zinc fertilizer is used for base fertilizer. Mainly, use 1 to 2 kg of zinc sulfate to mix the fine soil evenly.

    Light and early application of light fertilizer. Fertilization in the seedling stage depends on the seedlings and the fertilization in the field. The quick-acting fertilizers are mainly used, and the amount of fertilizer applied is small. Generally, the land is applied with 3 to 5 kg of ammonium sulfate per acre or 2 to 3 kg of urea ; the cotton field with strong seedlings and high fertility and base fertilizer can not be used to prevent seedlings from growing. Interplanting cotton should be topdressed early before the wheat harvest, and 5 kg of ammonium sulfate per mu .

     Steady and steady. Cotton bud stage is in hand during the vegetative and reproductive growth, it is necessary to see Miao fertilization, one to control the cotton-based, to promote reproductive growth transformation, after the first two types of control and promote cotton, may Mushi urea 2 after squaring stage ~ 3 kg. The three types of cotton fields are mainly promoted. In the Shenglei period, urea is applied to 3 to 5 kilograms of urea to reach the bud stage, and the flowering period relays to reduce the bud flower falling off. If the base application of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer is insufficient, at this time, 25 kg of cake fertilizer , 5 kg of potassium sulfate or potassium chloride can be applied per mu . Generally , the bud fertilizer is applied in the middle and late June , which is conducive to a stable cotton bud period.

    Heavy weight is applied again. The flowering and bolling period is the most vigorous period of cotton growth. It needs most nutrients. At this time, supplementing fertilizer plays a key role in promoting peach, preventing premature aging, multi-knotting “three peaches” and increasing boll weight. Cotton fields with high fertility and strong plant growth can be topdressed late, and postponed to 1 to 2 large peaches in the lower part of the flowering stage; cotton fields with low fertility and weak growth should be applied early in the early flowering stage. Generally, in the middle and late July , urea is applied 10 to 20 kilograms of urea , and watering and chemical control are timely according to the weather and cotton growth.

    Make up the top cover fertilizer. In the late stage of cotton growth, if there is a phenomenon of de-fertilization, that is, the top of the main stem of the cotton plant is red early, the color of the leaves is yellow, and the premature senescence cotton with insufficient topping peaches should be applied in time. In the mid to late 8 generally carried out with 1% to 2% of urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar mixture 2 or 3 times, at intervals of 7 days, and foliar spray fertilizer per acre was 50 kg.

    In addition, pay attention to the application of boron fertilizer. Cotton is sensitive to boron, and the application of boron fertilizer can avoid cotton "buds and not flowers" and increase the rate of bell formation. Where the effective boron content of the soil is less than 0.5 mg / kg (the effective boron content in our county is 0.433 mg / kg on average ) , boron fertilizer should be added, and 0.5 to 0.75 kg of borax per acre should be used as the base fertilizer. For root spray fertilizer, generally 50 kg of 0.2% borax solution per acre , sprayed 2 to 3 times from the bud stage to the initial flowering stage , each interval of about 7 days.

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