Most of the fighters from the AVIC Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute are named after the "Dragon" series: "Raptors" and "Jilong"... These names are in the history of China's aviation development, and each birth promotes the upgrading of China's aviation weapons and equipment. Replacement; each is a milestone in the development of China's aviation industry; each one has also become a legend in the Chinese fighter family.
Interview with Yang Wei, deputy chief engineer of AVIC, who wants to take photos with the "Dragon" and their "Dragons". However, because of confidentiality, many "Dragons" are still not for the world. Known.
My university
In 1978, his father, who had only been in a high school for a month, yelled out of the classroom and excitedly handed him a college admission notice: "Son, you were admitted to the university!" That year, Yang Wei had only ten Five years old. Because of the weak color, Yang Wei’s top six universities could not accept him. He could only choose between his “boring†mathematics and mechanics to pursue a career in his life. For a child who dreams of becoming a pilot, this is undoubtedly a pity.
Yang Wei’s seventh volunteer is Northwestern Polytechnical University. At that time, he did not know what the aerodynamics major should study. However, the mother’s words inspired Yang Wei’s yearning for this profession: “This is the specialty of Qian Xuesen and Zhou Peiyuan. You can’t study this major!†In the era of “learning mathematics and physics, and not being afraid of the worldâ€, this profession has brought together the best teachers in China.
During the university, in the eyes of Yang Wei and his classmates, the deeper the theory of "playing", the more level they have. With his talent in mathematics, he pursued the mathematical formula to be very "pretty", calculated the calculation more accurately, and expressed the mechanics and control with complex mathematical formulas. In order to get more study time, every morning at 5 o'clock, Yang Wei sat in the classroom, chewing the overnight corn tortillas in the biscuit bucket, while "snapping" the "mathematical analysis" outside the curriculum. At this time, he had already completed the prescribed study of Advanced Mathematics.
In the postgraduate stage, Yang Wei's pursuit gradually changed. He chose the flight mechanics major that focused on engineering. This theory-to-engineering transformation affected his life: "Engineering design needs to constantly explore the inherent nature of products. It is also necessary to consider how to integrate the various professions to reflect the idea of ​​the whole product. To some extent, engineering is more challenging than pure theoretical research."
Here, Yang Wei also had the opportunity to go to the AVIC Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute for an internship. That was the first time he felt the status of Chinese aircraft design at that time. “The design room is in the second floor of the wooden building. It is the old site of the Kuomintang Air School. The whole room is on the second floor. The entire table is covered with drawings.†At that time, the third generation fighter jets in China were in the concept. During the competition phase, “all people in the company call it 'new æ¼', and our students are strictly prohibited from approaching the project.â€
This is the first time that Yang Wei has intuitively felt the status quo of the environment and national development of aircraft design. Although the conditions are tough, the mysterious "new æ¼" has made him a yearning: "I must participate in this project. â€
The successful first flight of the "Raptors" proves that China has reached the world advanced level in the field of flight control technology. As the chief designer of the flight control system, Yang Wei has also become the organizer and pioneer of the digital fly-by-wire flight control system in China.
Since the choice is going to be wonderful
In the early 1980s, the level of development of China's fighter planes was very different from that of the world's advanced countries. The third-generation fighters in some countries have already begun to serve, and the main models of China's Air Force are still the second generation.
Liu Gaoqi, then deputy general manager of AVIC First Group Company, recalled, "In the early 1990s, I visited our military exercise. At that time, I thought that our aviation people must develop their own third-generation aircraft."
In 1985, Yang Wei, who was only 22 years old, entered the Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute of AVIC. At this time, "Xinyi" also had the official name - æ¼-10, which was later called "Raptors."
As one of the few graduate students at that time, the first sentence of the leadership of the personnel department asked him: "Do you want to use this as a springboard, or do you have to do it for a lifetime?" Yang Wei said: "I am trying every means to get it. Redistributed here, how can I use this as a springboard?!"
A few months later, Yang Wei became the leader of the “Residual Management and Reliability†professional, which was a new professional specially established for the development of the “Raptors†digital fly-by-wire control system. "Our mission is very clear, is to break through the digital telex flight control system of one of the four key technologies of the third generation fighter." Yang Wei explained, "its success or failure is directly related to the success or failure of the 'Raptors' overall design. ."
The earliest prototype of the fly-by-wire control system was a stabilizer and damper developed to solve the stability of the aircraft. With the great development of electronic technology in the late 1970s, the West first tried to directly connect the pilot's control signals to the computer, thus eliminating all mechanical control systems and forming a computer-controlled telex control system.
"It is precisely because the digital fly-by-wire control system has improved the handling quality and performance of the aircraft, and brought more freedom to aircraft control. It is also widely used in third-generation and fourth-generation fighters, for example: F-16 The Su-27 and F/A-18 fighters have become typical signs of advanced fighters." Yang Wei explained, "This technology has naturally become the core technology of the 'Raptors' with international advanced level."
Another important aspect of the digital fly-by-wire control system is the breaking of the aerodynamic layout in aircraft design that requires static stability. As we all know, in order to give full play to the flexible maneuverability of fighters, it is best to abandon the traditional aircraft design rules and achieve unprecedented performance improvement through the use of static and unstable design. The "Raptor" adopts a duck-type aerodynamic layout developed by China to relax the static stability, thus ensuring its good maneuverability.
æ¼-10
"Flexibility and stability seem to be a contradiction that cannot be reconciled. It is like putting another table tennis on basketball. To achieve flexible movement, and everything is stable, it sounds like playing acrobatics." Yang Wei tried to explain the most profound truth with the simplest metaphor. "We have developed a three-axis four-degree digital telex flight control system that relaxes the static stability and is fully designed to match the static instability of the 'Raptors'. Solve the contradiction between flexibility and stability."
However, in the 1980s, when the world fighters enjoyed the benefits brought by the digital fly-by-wire flight control system, China’s overall technology was just getting started. Some aircraft design units are seeking international exchanges, trying to gradually realize the exploration of principles and solutions. . "At that time, we were still at a stage where we did not fully understand its connotation and did not realize the way of understanding the system." Yang Wei said: "It is not only a blank in China, but also a cutting-edge technology in the world."
That is the first time that Yang Wei has undertaken such a major project as one of the main leaders. "Because of the internationally sealed seals, many technical explorations are like walking in the vast and desperate corner of the vast universe. However, It is this young team who always takes us out of trouble once and for all with the passion of exploration."
After several years of hard work, on the basis of reviewing and understanding a large amount of technical materials, Yang Wei designed more than ten different schemes, and compared the system reliability with a new idea, and solved the redundancy configuration and fault detection. A series of key technologies such as isolation reconstruction and synchronization algorithms were implemented, and full-system digital simulation and semi-physical comprehensive tests were implemented.
In March 1996, Yang Wei presided over the development of the flight control system ground comprehensive test facility, commonly known as "iron bird", the first closed loop flight. This is an unforgettable scene in his life. "When I was sitting in the cockpit, I was able to fly the 'Iron Bird' like a real plane, and when I was manipulating according to my own wishes, I really felt an achievement and a kind. Satisfaction. In this process, whether it is system integration or solving problems in system integration, all of this is achieved by our own capabilities."
It is this advanced flight control system that plays an important role in ensuring the success of the Raptors first flight.
"When we have a big gap with the international market, whether we are looking for it or not, we have a clear catch-up target, we can run hard and fast, and the 'Raptors' and 'Jilong' are both Born in such a period." Yang Wei said, "But when we are closer to the international advanced level, to achieve the lead means you must choose the right technology and application direction."
Real test
In fact, at that time, Yang Wei was famous in the unit because of this advanced flight control system, but the civilian products were well done. "The 1990s was the most bleak period for our military industrial enterprises. In order to survive and even make chopsticks wrapping paper, even the profit of only a few cents is attractive." Yang Wei recalled, " In order to encourage employees to earn more benefits, a set of reward distribution mechanism has been developed. The more benefits earned, the higher the proportion of the research room.
In 1996, Yang Wei led the research lab to earn millions through technical cooperation. He really shocked the office. At that time, the total prize money of the whole year was only over one million. "I am really famous because of this." Yang Wei still remembers the smile on the face of the workers.
Just as Yang Wei led everyone to fight for the civilian products, the "Raptors" were nervously preparing for the first flight. One day, many years of good friends and chief test pilot Lei Qiang found him. "I hope to see you more at the test site." This sentence touched Yang Wei and still remains clearly in his memory. "We Is the meaning of existence a plane or a benefit?†Subsequently, he put more energy on the development site.
There are many controversies in Yang Wei’s promotion. Some leaders suggested that he should create more benefits for the civilian products. However, Song Wenzhao, the chief designer of the “Raptors†model, knows the character and ability of Ai Yang. He personally suggested to Liu Gaojun, the general manager of AVIC, that Yang Wei is my successor. In 1998, Yang Wei served as deputy director and deputy chief designer of the Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute and was also the chief designer of the flight control system.
The real test is the first flight of the Raptors. Many countries in the world have paid a heavy price in the development of digital fly-by-wire flight control systems. The US F-16, the Swedish JAS-39 and the US F-22 fourth-generation fighter aircraft have all occurred during the development process. Control the crash event caused by system failure. Before the first flight, Lei Qiang said to Song Wenzhao: "I just broke my arm and broke my leg. I will fly the plane back! It is falling, I have to fall on the runway! I want you to know that we have worked hard for more than ten years. What went wrong!"
In foreign countries, such as the aircraft designed to relax the static stability, it is generally necessary to use the counterweight to adjust the aircraft to a static and stable state for the first flight. After the flight is mature, the center of gravity is gradually adjusted to become a static unstable state. "Because, if it is an unstable aircraft, once the control system fails, the test pilot will have difficulty maneuvering the aircraft, and there will be an accident that will destroy the aircraft." Yang Wei explained, "But this will lengthen the development cycle and our troops urgently need it." Equipment, so, in the end, the 'Raptors' first made a direct flight in a state of static instability. Before that, no country in the world has ever done so."
March 23, 1998 was the first flight of the Raptors. After the engine was driven, Yang Wei cooperated with Lei Qiang on the ground to check whether the control surfaces responded normally. After all the time, he raised his hands and raised two thumbs up. "I want to tell him that the flight control system has checked the two rounds and everything is normal. There is absolutely no problem!" Yang Wei said. "This is actually a kind of confidence, because the first thing that Lei Qiang is most worried about is the flight control system. ."
Yang Wei, the first flight of the Raptors, did not “seeâ€. In the ground monitoring hall, he was the most familiar data curve that also means the safest state of the aircraft. "When the 'Raptors' landed, the entire monitoring hall was boiling. This is the first flight I feel most excited." Yang Wei said, "Only China's 'Raptors' have never happened before. A major accident caused by a malfunction of the fly-by-wire system."
The successful first flight of the "Raptors" two-seat model "Raptors" proves that China has reached the world advanced level in the field of flight control technology. As the chief designer of the flight control system, Yang Wei has also become China's digital fly-by-wire control. The organizer and pioneer of the system.
In 1998, 35-year-old Yang Wei was commissioned by Song Wenzhao to start the overall development of the Raptors design optimization, troubleshooting and design. At that time, at the development site of the "Raptors", we could often see such a scene: once there was a technical dispute, Song Wenzhao always discussed with Yang Wei, and the whole meeting quietly waited for the two to make the final decision making.
During his postgraduate studies, Yang Wei once said to his tutor a swearing phrase: "I want to be a chief designer in the future!" In the face of this naturally strong student, the instructor said with deep meaning: "You think it is one." Is the chief designer, especially the chief designer of a national key model, so simple?!"
In 2000, the "Raptor" two-seat model was officially approved as a national high-tech weapon key equipment; in 2002, Yang Wei was appointed as the "Raptors" two-seat chief designer by the National Defense Science and Technology Commission, and he began to show more Out of the confidence and maturity of a chief designer of the aircraft.
"What kind of aircraft should be designed like this, that was the thing I thought the most at the time." In Yang Wei's view, any type of aircraft is alive, and its life is reflected in the spirit given to it by the team of designers. And ability, each aircraft designer has their own understanding and interpretation of the choice between technology and performance, and embodied in the aircraft is a quality and spirit.
In the initial demand of the military, as the trainer's "Raptors" two-seat type, the battlefield information obtained from the front and rear cockpits is completely consistent, which is relatively easy to implement technically. However, in order to cope with the complex battlefield environment, this design obviously cannot fully realize the benefits of the two-seat.
"In order to better play the 'Raptors' combat capability, it should be designed to obtain different battlefield information for the front and rear cockpits, which is more conducive to the two pilots to work and cooperate." Yang Wei decisively proposed to the military Changed opinion, "Although the system will be more complicated, this change is worthwhile."
In the series of “Raptors†optimization process, Yang Wei solved the contradiction between combat and training requirements through multiple rounds of program demonstration and optimization, and realized the flight performance and mobility of the Raptors two-seater and single-seat aircraft. And the quality of the flight has improved the comprehensive combat capability of the "Raptors", which is the beginning of Yang Wei's entry into the freedom kingdom of aircraft design.
The sharpness of the design is based on an understanding of the future operational model and a comprehensive consideration of the development of aircraft design technology. “It’s the design concept of our team of designers that gives the Raptors new features and new qualities.†In Yang Wei’s view, this is the value of a chief architect.
In 1998, 35-year-old Yang Wei was commissioned by Song Wenzhao (middle), the chief designer of the "Raptors" model, to begin the overall development of the "Raptors" design optimization, troubleshooting and design and development.
"Dragon": the dream and pride of the country
In the "Dragon" of Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute, "Zhenlong" is jointly developed by China Aviation Industry Corporation, Chengdu Aircraft Industry Corporation, Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute and other units of the China Aviation Industry Corporation and the Pakistan Air Force. A light, low-cost, multi-purpose third-generation fighter with national dreams and pride.
In January 2001, while undertaking the "Raptors" two-seat development task, in order to accelerate the development of the "Zhenlong" project, Yang Wei was appointed as the chief designer of the "Jilong" fighter. At this time, the development of "Zhenlong" has gone through nearly 10 years, but it is still in the design stage, which shows the difficulty of this project.
The first time he was invited to Pakistan for technical exchanges, Yang Wei received a high-standard reception from the Pakistani military. He not only laid a red carpet for him when he visited the mosque, but also let him review the combat troops. Yang Wei understands: "They want to express the country's expectation and desire for 'æžé¾™' in these ways."
From a purely commercial point of view, Yang Wei hopes to directly apply the functions of the "Raptors" mission system to the "Jilong". However, the Pakistan Air Force has clearly defined the operational needs for the Pakistani battlefield environment, and finally let Yang Wei decide. Design a fighter for them to be used in the battlefield environment of Pakistan.
"The development process of 'æžé¾™' gave me a new experience." Yang Wei said, "The Pakistan Air Force is a force that has grown up in actual combat. Their demand for weapons and equipment is completely directed at the battlefield. What I have to do is to make technology more accurately serve the operational needs."
In Yang Wei's view, the real success of a good fighter is not the success of a certain technology, but the success of the battlefield application. The different understanding and judgment of the aircraft designer on the combat mode will ultimately be reflected in the design concept of the aircraft. on.
Yang Wei explained: "In the design of 'æžé¾™', we have persistence and compromise. We applied advanced technologies such as '蚌' type air intake to improve the performance of the aircraft, and we also applied A lot of mature technology to reduce costs. We continue to make trade-offs and integration, we also make decisions in many contradictions, all of which is based on the grasp of technology and understanding of combat."
In order to fully meet the user's demand for progress and operational effectiveness, the “Zhenlong†project has determined the strategy of “developing the prototype machine in two stepsâ€, which is divided into platform status (01, 03) and full state (04). Two stages.
Yang Wei said: "On the one hand, we must let 'æžé¾™' fly as soon as possible, speed up platform identification and build confidence in the market; on the other hand, using the platform to identify this time, we have developed a more advanced avionics weapon system. To further optimize the performance of the aircraft." Finally, it has been proved by practice that it is precisely because of the "two-step" strategy that the "Zhenlong" 01 and 03 are exposed in the actual work such as flight test. "The 04 racks were systematically and comprehensively solved.
In 2003, the "Raptors" two-seat type and "Jilong" successfully achieved the first flight, and "Zhenlong" took only 23 months from freezing the state of technology to achieving the first flight, creating a new development of China's military aircraft at that time. Record. In April 2006, the “Zhenlong†04, equipped with the most advanced complete avionics system in China, successfully achieved its first flight and achieved a new leap in the development of China's new generation of advanced fighter aircraft.
As for what is world famous? Yang Wei explained: "When we launch a fighter, the troops will be satisfied, the people will feel shocked, and the opponent will regard it as a kind of challenge and threat. The industry will regard it as the future development trend. It means an endless frontier, which is what we are pursuing!"
Let the idea lead to research and development Many people have asked Yang Wei, what is the future air battle like? After the fourth generation of fighters, where will the development of world fighters go? What are the typical signs of the fifth-generation fighter or the sixth-generation fighter? ... These are also the most thoughts of Yang Wei in these years.
"When we have a big gap with the international market, whether we are looking for it or not, we have a clear catch-up target, we can run hard and fast, and the 'Raptors' and 'Jilong' are both Born in such a period." Yang Wei said, "But when we are closer to the international advanced level, to achieve the lead means you must choose the right technology and application direction."
"The future war is designed. In the future, weapons and equipment need to be driven by development. This is the key to the development of weapons and equipment, and the biggest challenge facing the aviation industry in China." As the chief designer of a new type of fighter, Yang Wei During the project development process, the team made bold innovations with the Air Force on the model developed by China's military aircraft first, and proposed a continuous iterative development method of “combat action-performance demand-design and manufacture†to make the new fighters more suitable for future wars. Demand.
For a long time to come, the role of fighters in war is still crucial. However, there is no model for the future fighters. In this regard, Yang Wei said: "I oppose the simple combination of existing technologies and regard it as a new thing. In fact, we have a new understanding and application of the principle of radar detection and anti-detection to become a new generation of fighters. The design basis. Therefore, the future still needs to be promoted by intergenerational technologies, such as new materials, new detection methods, new combat weapons, new engines, etc. We are now on the eve of the birth of new technology, its emergence It will provide new support for the development of world aviation weapons, and we may be the owners of these technologies."
As for what is world famous? Yang Wei explained: "When we launch a fighter, the troops will be satisfied, the people will feel shocked, and the opponent will regard it as a kind of challenge and threat. The industry will regard it as the future development trend. It means an endless frontier, which is what we are pursuing!"
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