"So far, we have conducted research on the main aspects of the Z-pinch-driven fusion fission hybrid reactor, and have formed a basic technical route and preliminary concept plan. Compared with the various nuclear energy programs currently under study in the world, In terms of safety, economy, durability, and environmental friendliness, all show obvious advantages. Therefore, we believe that Z-pinch-driven fusion fission hybrid reactors may become the most competitive millennium energy in the future.†Academician Peng Xianjue of the Institute of Engineering Physics said at the 179th China Engineering Technology Forum held in Beijing on May 15.
The forum was hosted by the Chinese Academy of Engineering and more than 20 academicians and 180 experts from the industry participated. The theme of the forum was "Z-pinch-driven fusion fission hybrid reactor engineering frontier technology research." The concept of Z-pinch-driven fusion fission hybrid reactor was formally proposed by academician Peng Xianjue in October 2008. Fusion fusion fission reactor = thermonuclear fusion neutron source + subcritical fission reactor. Z-pinch drive can realize large-scale thermonuclear fusion. The main energy discharge task is undertaken by the subcritical fission reactor, and the energy amplification is about 20 times.
Competency assessment shows its advantages
He Shi, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: "I support Prof. Peng Xianju and others to propose a research program for the 'Z collapsing driven hybrid reactor.' Because this solution is indeed superior to the 'existing' other solutions, its performance is much better! 'Feasibility' is also much more realistic than other solutions!"
According to the report, the "Millennium Energy" program of the Z Shrinkage-Driven Hybrid Reactor is low in construction cost, and it consumes a small amount of material and little waste during operation. Data show that for a 1 million-kilowatt nuclear power unit, the cost of a pure fusion reactor pile is greater than US$10 billion, that of a fast reactor is US$5.0 billion to US$6 billion, that of a thermal reactor is approximately US$2 billion, and that of a Z-coarse-driven hybrid reactor is US$3 billion. In addition, the fuel consumption of the mixed reactor run by the Z collapsing contract is 1 ton of uranium per year, resulting in waste of 1 ton per year, and the resources consumed for processing the waste are few.
In addition, He Yong believes that only the "input" and "operational" costs are accounted for in the thermal reactor and this hybrid reactor design. In fact, in the operation of all nuclear power plants, the “decommissioning†costs, the recycling costs of nuclear waste, and the “transmutation†costs of radionuclides must also be calculated. "This is a huge expenditure. The world has not yet had a very good plan." He said, and the "cost" of "millennia energy" in "retiring" and "recycling" is undoubtedly more than that of "heat reactors." "Much less.
According to Peng Xianjue, the relevant competitiveness evaluation shows that the Z-pinch-driven hybrid reactor is cheaper and safer than the fast reactor, and the follow-up operation costs less; it is slightly more expensive than the heat reactor, but it can become a “millennium energy source†and has many Advantages: The economic efficiency of pure fusion reactors is greatly improved, technical difficulties are greatly reduced, and their safety and environmental friendliness are unmatched.
Disadvantages can not be ignored
"However, the Z-pinch hybrid reactor as a 'millennium energy' program has some major drawbacks that cannot be ignored." He Wei said. For example, from the point of view of sustainable development of nuclear energy, both the “Z-pinch†and the “accelerator-driven†“Millennium Energy†programs have a major drawback. That is how “radioactive nuclear†“treat†or “ "Remove", that is, whether it can "transform" nuclear waste.
"This 'Millennium Energy' will consume 1 ton of uranium per year of fuel, and will produce 1 ton of nuclear waste at the same time. This is a very large amount of nuclear waste! If it is really to operate for 1,000 years, it will accumulate 1,000 tons of nuclear waste even if these radioactive nuclear It will decay and die within 1000 years, but due to the existence of a strong neutron background, the total amount will inevitably reach the order of 1,000 tons! This will pose a major threat to human environmental security!" He Wei said, no need to remind The state leadership and the general public not only need to properly solve the problem of radioactive nuclear waste's transformation and its storage. The various components of the nuclear power plant after shutdown, and even its doors and windows are all radioactive, will face the problem of how to retire after the nuclear power plant. Storage problem.
However, He Yong also stated that the concept of "Millennium Energy" is very valuable. The Z-pinch hybrid reactor program has greatly eased many problems facing the sustainable development of nuclear energy. Still taking the fuel as an example, according to reports, the unit with a capacity of 1 million kilowatts of common pressurized water reactor discharges 25 tons per year, which is far more than that of a Z hybrid driven reactor.
Technical route feasibility to prove
What is the progress in the development of the current Z-pinch-driven hybrid reactor?
According to Li Hua, head of the Fusion Energy Science and Technology Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, this is a grand scientific project that requires the integration of theory, computation, experimentation, materials, and engineering to work together to bring into play the various aspects of the domestic academic community. Advantages: At present, this research mainly focuses on conceptual design, theoretical calculations and partial experimental verification. "For example, in the area of ​​high-current drivers, a 10 mega-ampere Z-pinch drive has been set up and experiments have been started." He said, "Theoretically, it is estimated that the drive will reach 60-70 mega-amps. It can be said that it is still One floor, and we have to build six floors, there is still a long way to go."
The research roadmap for the development of the Z-pinch-driven fusion fission hybrid reactor assumes that the concept study period before 2015 is to strive for a clearer judgment of the basic feasibility of its technical route; before 2025, it will be a key technological development stage, and it will strive for around 2020. , 30-40 mega-ampere drive is built; 2025-2035 is the stage of technology integration and function demonstration, and it will strive to build a 60-70 mega-ampere drive that can be used for energy application research; it will enter the industrial application development stage after 2035 and be used for industrial applications. Demonstration.
Peng Xianjue said: “Convergence is the key to the project. The most important thing at present is to prove the feasibility of the technology route through experiments. Therefore, it is recommended that the country set up a research project as soon as possible to approve and complete the construction of the 40-megawatt-class drive as soon as possible in order to win An experimental device capable of studying the principles of fusion and subcritical energy reactor modules can be built around 2020, providing a basis for accurately judging the prospect of this technology route."
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