According to the research, the annual yield of 5-year-old grapes is 1000kg. The annual plant needs to absorb nitrogen (N) 6kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 3kg, potassium (K2O) 7.2kg, and the absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is roughly 1:0.5: 1.3. Fertilization in vineyards should focus on the following five questions:
First, to adopt a reasonable nutrient input ratio in the soil with high soil available phosphorus content, the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) can be taken 2:1:2, the soil available phosphorus content The low soil area can take 1:1:1.
Second, we must pay attention to the application of organic fertilizer to newly planted vineyards. Before planting, we will combine excavation and planting ditch or planting acre to fertilize 2500-3000kg of fermented organic fertilizer, and young trees will be applied 30~50kg per plant per year. 50 to 100 kg per plant, 100 to 150 kg per plant for mature trees. The application of organic fertilizer can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and provide more comprehensive nutrition, which plays an important role in improving grape yield and quality.
Third, we must seize the five fertilization periods, after the emergence of Spring wound fluid, before germination. It can be sulphur-based type 16-16-16, 15-15-15, 18-10-20, 20-12-16, 20~25kg. If the fat at the end of the year is relatively sufficient, this time may not be applied as appropriate, otherwise the first top dressing in early spring should be carried out in time.
2. Before flowering. The sulphur-based type 20-12-16, 20-25 kg, has the effect of increasing the ear and reducing the falling flower, especially for the vineyard with more spikes.
3. After flowering. When the fruit granules grow to the size of mung bean granules, the sulphur-based type 18-12-18, 18-10-20, and 15-25 kg can promote fruit development and coordinate the growth of branches and leaves.
4. The initial stage of fruit coloring. Mu-sulfate type 18-10-20, 18-12-18, 15kg or so, has the effect of promoting fruit enlargement, rapidly increasing sugar content, and increasing fruit color.
5. After the fruit is harvested, the base fertilizer should be applied tightly. All the organic fertilizers to be applied, combined with a ratio of NPK: 1:1:1, 20 to 25 kg per mu, mixed once, promoted the second growth peak of the root system, promoted tree recovery, and increased The storage of tree organic nutrients and the promotion of flower bud differentiation play an important role. The application of the base fertilizer is a weak link in the fertilization of the vineyards everywhere, and must be given due attention.
Each fertilization can be applied to the soil by 15 to 20 cm from about 60 cm on both sides of the plant. It can also be sprinkled between rows, ploughed, and implemented in the whole garden.
Fourth, attention to the application of trace elements and medium elements Grape is one of the fruit trees sensitive to trace elements, the lack of boron, manganese, zinc, iron will quickly show obvious symptoms. Spraying 0.2% manganese sulfate or 0.4% ammonium molybdate on the foliar surface of the early flowering stage to the young fruit stage can increase the fruit setting rate. At the initial flowering stage, 0.1% to 0.2% of borax was sprayed 1 or 2 times or 500 grams of borax was applied before flowering, and the fruit setting rate was also significantly improved.
The application of calcium, magnesium and sulfur should also be of concern, and many fruit diseases are directly or indirectly related to calcium deficiency. Vineyards lacking calcium, magnesium and sulfur can be supplemented with potassium sulphate and magnesium sulphate, calcium sulphate, magnesium sulphate or calcium nitrate, or 1% to 2% of magnesium sulphate and calcium nitrate can be sprayed 2 to 4 times during the growing season. Both have obvious effects.
V. Correct understanding of the problem of applying chlorine-containing or sulfur-containing fertilizers to grapes Generally, it is considered that grapes are taboo chlorine-based trees, and it is best to apply sulfur-based fertilizers. However, many experimental practices in recent years have shown that the application of chlorine-containing fertilizers on neutral and slightly acidic soils has not found adverse effects on yield, quality and growth of branches. As long as the soil does not support water, it is possible to apply chlorine-containing fertilizers. However, in the saline-alkali soil, especially in the clay soil area where the water seepage is not good, it is better to apply the sulfur-based fertilizer to avoid the chloride ion poisoning caused by the application of the chlorine-containing fertilizer.
First, to adopt a reasonable nutrient input ratio in the soil with high soil available phosphorus content, the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) can be taken 2:1:2, the soil available phosphorus content The low soil area can take 1:1:1.
Second, we must pay attention to the application of organic fertilizer to newly planted vineyards. Before planting, we will combine excavation and planting ditch or planting acre to fertilize 2500-3000kg of fermented organic fertilizer, and young trees will be applied 30~50kg per plant per year. 50 to 100 kg per plant, 100 to 150 kg per plant for mature trees. The application of organic fertilizer can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and provide more comprehensive nutrition, which plays an important role in improving grape yield and quality.
Third, we must seize the five fertilization periods, after the emergence of Spring wound fluid, before germination. It can be sulphur-based type 16-16-16, 15-15-15, 18-10-20, 20-12-16, 20~25kg. If the fat at the end of the year is relatively sufficient, this time may not be applied as appropriate, otherwise the first top dressing in early spring should be carried out in time.
2. Before flowering. The sulphur-based type 20-12-16, 20-25 kg, has the effect of increasing the ear and reducing the falling flower, especially for the vineyard with more spikes.
3. After flowering. When the fruit granules grow to the size of mung bean granules, the sulphur-based type 18-12-18, 18-10-20, and 15-25 kg can promote fruit development and coordinate the growth of branches and leaves.
4. The initial stage of fruit coloring. Mu-sulfate type 18-10-20, 18-12-18, 15kg or so, has the effect of promoting fruit enlargement, rapidly increasing sugar content, and increasing fruit color.
5. After the fruit is harvested, the base fertilizer should be applied tightly. All the organic fertilizers to be applied, combined with a ratio of NPK: 1:1:1, 20 to 25 kg per mu, mixed once, promoted the second growth peak of the root system, promoted tree recovery, and increased The storage of tree organic nutrients and the promotion of flower bud differentiation play an important role. The application of the base fertilizer is a weak link in the fertilization of the vineyards everywhere, and must be given due attention.
Each fertilization can be applied to the soil by 15 to 20 cm from about 60 cm on both sides of the plant. It can also be sprinkled between rows, ploughed, and implemented in the whole garden.
Fourth, attention to the application of trace elements and medium elements Grape is one of the fruit trees sensitive to trace elements, the lack of boron, manganese, zinc, iron will quickly show obvious symptoms. Spraying 0.2% manganese sulfate or 0.4% ammonium molybdate on the foliar surface of the early flowering stage to the young fruit stage can increase the fruit setting rate. At the initial flowering stage, 0.1% to 0.2% of borax was sprayed 1 or 2 times or 500 grams of borax was applied before flowering, and the fruit setting rate was also significantly improved.
The application of calcium, magnesium and sulfur should also be of concern, and many fruit diseases are directly or indirectly related to calcium deficiency. Vineyards lacking calcium, magnesium and sulfur can be supplemented with potassium sulphate and magnesium sulphate, calcium sulphate, magnesium sulphate or calcium nitrate, or 1% to 2% of magnesium sulphate and calcium nitrate can be sprayed 2 to 4 times during the growing season. Both have obvious effects.
V. Correct understanding of the problem of applying chlorine-containing or sulfur-containing fertilizers to grapes Generally, it is considered that grapes are taboo chlorine-based trees, and it is best to apply sulfur-based fertilizers. However, many experimental practices in recent years have shown that the application of chlorine-containing fertilizers on neutral and slightly acidic soils has not found adverse effects on yield, quality and growth of branches. As long as the soil does not support water, it is possible to apply chlorine-containing fertilizers. However, in the saline-alkali soil, especially in the clay soil area where the water seepage is not good, it is better to apply the sulfur-based fertilizer to avoid the chloride ion poisoning caused by the application of the chlorine-containing fertilizer.
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