The world today is in a period of rapid development of advanced manufacturing technologies. With the advent of CNC machine tools, modern manufacturing has developed a series of CNC machining technologies, such as machining centers (MC), flexible manufacturing units (FMC), flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), computer integrated manufacturing systems (CIMS), parallel machine tools. Wait. These technologies are closely combined with high-speed machining technology, tool technology and cutting technology, which greatly reduces the labor intensity in machining, greatly shortens the auxiliary time, greatly improves product quality and production efficiency, and plays a huge role in the development of the manufacturing industry and the global economy. The driving force. At present, cutting processing accounts for about 90% of the total machining work. Modern cutting technology is one of the main forces of manufacturing technology. Cutting processing (including grinding) is still the leading processing method of machinery manufacturing throughout the 21st century. As an important basic process equipment in cutting, tool technology plays a vital role in the development of modern manufacturing. 1. Importance of tools in cutting machining In machining, metal cutting machines and tools are the basic process equipment for cutting. At present, the cutting machine tools are constantly updated. After the high-speed spindle adopts ceramic bearings, hydrostatic bearings, aerostatic bearings and magnetic bearings, the spindle speed can reach 10,000-50000/min, and some even reach 150,000r/min. The feed mechanism using the ball screw has a speed of 40 to 60 m/min, the linear motor can reach 90 to 120 m/min, and the machining acceleration of the precision CNC machining center can reach 2 g (g is the gravitational acceleration). The rapid development of cutting machine tools provides the basic premise and technical guarantee for the development of modern manufacturing. However, no matter what kind of metal cutting machine, it must rely on the tool that directly contacts the workpiece and cuts the material from the workpiece. Tool performance and quality directly affect the production efficiency of cutting machine tools and the quality of processing, directly affecting the production technology level and economic benefits of the entire machinery manufacturing industry. Because of this, foreign manufacturing industry has the saying that "the company's dividends are on the cutting edge". In the Chinese idioms, "the workers must be good at their work, and they must first sharpen their tools." The importance of cutting has been vividly and profoundly described. For example, a 200,000 kW generator rotor shaft has a net weight of 30 tons, and its forging blanks are 60 to 70 tons. The chips to be cut account for more than 50% of the gross weight of the parts. It is hard to imagine how to complete without efficient tools. Such a processing task. An internationally recognized expert in cutting and machine tools has evaluated the role of cutting tools as follows: “Improving tools has the potential to reduce cutting costs over any other single process change. Reasonable selection and application of modern cutting tools is a reduction in production. Cost, the key to achieving major economic benefits.†N. Zlatin of the United States once said: “The efficiency of a machine tool worth $250,000 depends largely on a $30 end mill. Performance." 2. Cost analysis of tools in manufacturing With the improvement of modern technology, the speed of equipment replacement is getting faster and faster, and the current speed of replacement can reach 10-15 years to replace one generation. To earn back equipment investment and create profits in such a short period of time, the potential of the tool must be fully exploited. According to relevant data analysis: tool costs account for 2.4 to 4% of manufacturing costs, but it directly affects 20% of the cost of machine tools and 38% of labor costs.
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