Abstract Since eighteen, in order to focus the CPC Central Committee General Secretary Xi Jinping's strategic goal of building a moderately prosperous society, a series of new ideas new ideas and new strategies, efforts to increase farmer-friendly policy efforts to increase investment in social and public services, residential Rapid income growth, income structure is not...
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the general secretary has set a strategic goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and put forward a series of new ideas, new ideas and new strategies, focusing on strengthening the policy of benefiting the people, increasing social public service investment, and income of residents. Rapid growth, continuous optimization of income structure, steady increase in household consumption, and continuous improvement in the quality of life are making great strides toward building a well-off society in an all-round way. First, the income of residents has increased rapidly, and the income gap continues to shrink.
National incomes are faster than GDP growth. In 2015, the per capita disposable income of national residents was 2,1966 yuan, an increase of 33.0% over 2012. After deducting the price factor, the actual growth rate was 25.4%, and the average annual real growth rate was 7.8%. The average annual growth rate of household income was faster than the average annual growth rate of per capita GDP in the same period. . Among them, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 31,195 yuan, an increase of 29.3% over 2012. After deducting the price factor, the actual growth was 21.8%, and the average annual real growth was 6.8%; the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 11,422 yuan, an increase of 36.1% over 2012. After deducting the price factor, the actual increase was 28.3%, and the average annual growth rate was 8.7%. The average annual growth rate of per capita disposable income of rural residents is 1.9 percentage points faster than that of urban residents.
The proportion of transfer income and property income increased. In 2015, the per capita net income of the national residents was 3,812 yuan, an increase of 25.3% over 2013, with an average annual growth rate of 11.9%; the per capita wage income was 12,459 yuan, an increase of 19.7% over 2013, with an average annual growth rate of 9.4%; and the per capita net operating income of 3,956 yuan. , an increase of 15.2% over 2013, an average annual increase of 7.3%; net income per capita of 1,740 yuan, an increase of 22.2% over 2013, an average annual increase of 10.6%. In 2015, the proportion of per capita net income and net property income in per capita disposable income increased by 0.8 and 0.1 percentage points respectively compared with 2013.
The income gap of residents continues to narrow. The ratio of per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents has shrunk. According to the per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents, the ratio of per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2015 was 2.73:1, a decrease of 0.08 over 2013. The relative gap in income among residents in the region has been declining. Residents in the western region with the lowest income rate have the fastest growth rate. Since 2013, the per capita annual growth rate of per capita disposable income in the western region has been 10.1%, 0.2 percentage points higher than that in the central region and 0.9 percentage points higher than the eastern region. The area is 1.7 percentage points higher. The ratio of per capita income in the eastern and western, eastern and central regions was reduced by 0.03 and 0.02, respectively, compared to 2013. Due to the narrowing of the income between urban and rural areas and between regions, the Gini coefficient of per capita disposable income of national residents in 2015 was 0.462, which was 0.012 lower than that in 2012. The overall income gap of residents continued to narrow.
Second, the consumption of residents continues to grow, and the structure is continuously optimized and upgraded.
Household consumption expenditures continued to grow. In 2015, the per capita consumption expenditure of the national residents reached 15,712 yuan, an increase of 18.8% over 2013. After deducting the price factor, the actual increase was 14.9%, and the average annual growth rate was 7.2%. In 2015, the per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents was 21,392 yuan, an increase of 15.7% over 2013. After deducting the price factor, the actual growth was 11.6%, and the average annual actual growth was 5.6%. The per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was 9223 yuan, an increase of 23.2% over 2013. The factor actually increased by 19.5%, and the average annual growth rate was 9.3%. The average annual growth rate of per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents is faster than the growth rate of urban residents' consumption expenditure by 3.7 percentage points.
The Engel coefficient continues to decline. In 2015, the per capita food, tobacco and alcohol consumption expenditure of the national residents was 4,814 yuan, an increase of 16.7% over 2013, with an average annual growth rate of 8.0%. The proportion of food and tobacco expenditures of the national residents to consumption expenditure, that is, the Engel coefficient, fell from 31.2% in 2013 to 30.6% in 2015. The Engel coefficient of urban residents dropped from 30.1% in 2013 to 29.7% in 2015, and the Engel coefficient of rural residents dropped from 34.1% in 2013 to 33.0% in 2015.
The dietary structure of residents has continued to improve. In 2015, per capita consumption of food by urban residents was 113 kg, a decrease of 7.2% compared with 2013; per capita consumption of meat was 29 kg, poultry 9 kg and eggs 10 kg, which were 1.7%, 16.2% and 11.2% higher than 2013 respectively. In 2015, the per capita consumption of grain by rural residents was 160 kg, a decrease of 10.6% compared with 2013. The per capita consumption of meat was 23 kg, poultry 7 kg and eggs 8 kg, which were 3.0%, 15.5% and 19.3% higher than 2013 respectively.
Development and enjoyment of demand continue to increase. Traffic and communications spending has grown rapidly. In 2015, the per capita transportation and communication expenditure of the national residents was 2,087 yuan, an increase of 28.3% over 2013, with an average annual growth rate of 13.3%, which was faster than the average annual growth rate of per capita consumption expenditure of the national residents by 4.3 percentage points. Education, culture, and entertainment are more abundant. In 2015, the per capita education, culture and entertainment consumption expenditure of the national residents was 1,723 yuan, an increase of 23.3% over 2013, with an average annual growth rate of 11.0%, which was faster than the average annual growth rate of per capita consumption expenditure of the national residents by 2.0 percentage points. Residents' health care consumption has grown rapidly. In 2015, the per capita medical and health care expenditure of the national residents was 1,165 yuan, an increase of 27.7% over 2013, with an average annual growth rate of 13.0%, which was faster than the average annual growth rate of per capita consumption expenditure of the national population by 4.0 percentage points.
Third, the basic public service level is improved, and the living environment conditions of residents are further improved.
The coverage of “four links†continues to expand. In 2015, the access, power supply, telephone and cable TV in urban areas were close to full coverage. The “four links†in rural areas have also been greatly improved. The access, power supply and telephone calls are basically close to full coverage. The proportion of households that can receive cable TV signals in natural villages is 96.4%, an increase of 6.6 percentage points over 2013. At the same time, the degree of informatization has increased rapidly. In 2015, the average number of mobile phones connected to the Internet per 100 urban and rural households was 112.3 and 69.2, respectively, up 43% and 52.8% from 2013; the average town per 100 households Residents and rural households have 67.3 and 18.8 computers connected to the Internet, up 11.4% and 28.9% respectively from 2013.
The level of community health care and education services has improved. In 2015, 97.2% of the households in the urban areas were able to concentrate on the garbage, which was 0.9 percentage points higher than that in 2013. In 2015, 60.4% of the households in the rural areas could be treated in a centralized manner, which was higher than that in 2013. 11.4 percentage points. In 2015, 82.5% of households in urban areas had health stations, and 85.9% of households in rural areas had health stations in natural villages, which were 2.4 and 3.8 percentage points higher than in 2013. In 2015, 98.4% of households in urban areas were more convenient to attend primary schools. In rural areas, 83.4% of households are more convenient in primary villages, which is 2.1 percentage points higher than in 2013.
The living facilities and conditions have been further improved. In 2015, urban residents had 88.1% of flush toilets, and rural residents accounted for 26.3%, up 1.2 and 4.1 percentage points respectively over 2013. In 2015, the proportion of clean household fuel used by urban households reached 94.2%, and that of rural residents accounted for 44.6%, which was 1.4 and 5.7 percentage points higher than that of 2013. In 2015, 92.1% of households in urban areas consumed purified tap water. A proportion has also reached 44%, which is higher than in 2013.
4. The number of poor people has decreased drastically. In poor areas, the income of rural residents has increased faster than that of rural residents.
The rural poor population in the country has fallen sharply. According to the current national rural poverty standards, the number of rural poor in 2015 was 55.75 million, a decrease of 43.24 million compared with 2012, a decrease of 43.7%; the incidence of rural poverty was 5.7%, which was 4.5 percentage points lower than that of 2012.
The income of rural residents in poverty-stricken areas is growing faster than that of rural residents. From 2013 to 2015, the per capita income of rural residents in poverty-stricken areas increased by 46.8%, with an average annual growth of 13.6%. After deducting the price factor, the average annual growth rate was 11.5%, which was 2.8 percentage points higher than the national average. The gap between the per capita income level of rural residents in poverty-stricken areas and the national average in rural areas has been narrowing. In 2015, the per capita disposable income of rural residents in poverty-stricken areas was 7,653 yuan, which was 67.0% of the national average per capita of rural residents, an increase of 4.8 percentage points compared with 2012.
The National Rural Poverty Monitoring Survey also shows that since 2012, the infrastructure and basic public services in poverty-stricken areas have been continuously improved, the housing and living conditions of farmers have gradually improved, the number of major durable consumer goods of farmers has continued to increase, and the overall quality of life of residents in poverty-stricken areas has been significantly improved.
Note:
[1] Poverty-stricken areas, including concentrated contiguous areas and special poverty alleviation and development counties outside the district, a total of 832 counties. Among them, 680 counties are concentrated in the contiguous areas, and there are 592 key poverty alleviation and development counties in the country. The concentrated contiguous areas contain 440 key poverty alleviation and development counties.
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