The increasingly fierce competition in the feed industry has led to a prolonged feed storage cycle, and the problem of feed mildew has become one of the major problems in the production of sleepy feed in summer. Mildew reduces the nutritional value of the feed, affecting the palatability more serious is that the mycotoxin of the feed product exceeds the standard, endangering animal health and endangering human food safety. In order to prevent the mildew of the feed, various manufacturers have taken many measures and received certain effects. However, due to the cause of mildew, it is affected by many factors; from the raw material inspection income bank to the feed finished product to the breeding site, as long as any one of the links is not effective, mildew may occur. Here are the factors that may cause mildew in each link and the measures that need to be taken separately:
I. Inspection and storage of raw materials and storage:
Raw materials are the basis of product quality, and serious feed quality problems are almost always related to raw materials. A certain amount of water, mold and worms are allowed in the feed ingredients, but after the quantity exceeds the allowable quantity specified by the national standard, the value of the raw materials drops rapidly, and more seriously, the raw materials are mildewed. The deteriorated raw materials are easily induced to be mildewed after being produced into feed, and even if the feed does not undergo mildew, the hygienic index and palatability of the feed are affected. Therefore, the following work needs to be done in the inspection and storage of raw materials:
1. Before purchasing raw materials, in addition to testing their nutritional indicators, they should also control the moisture, microbial indicators and the number of worms in the raw materials.
Moisture is one of the most important factors influencing mold growth and reproduction. Generally, the moisture of the original grain such as corn, rice, and wheat should be no more than 14%; the moisture of soybean, sub-powder, bran, and soybean meal should be less than 13%; cotton aphid, rapeseed meal, peanut meal, fish meal, The moisture of meat and bone meal, bone meal, etc. should be less than 12%. Raw materials with excessive moisture are not resistant to storage and are prone to mildew. For the processed raw materials such as cotton aphid and rapeseed meal, it is necessary to pay attention to whether the local moisture is excessive or not, because even if the average moisture is low, the local moisture exceeds the standard to cause agglomeration and mildew due to defects in the process of the manufacturer.
It is possible to check whether the total number of molds in the raw materials exceeds the standard by mold detection. For enterprises that have no conditions for mold testing, they can understand the date of production, production process and storage conditions of the raw materials; observe whether the color appearance of the raw materials is normal, whether there is agglomeration; whether the smell of the raw materials is normal or not, and whether there is any odor; Use a hand or a thermometer to measure whether the material has a fever or the like to determine whether the material is mildewed.
In the summer, worms are not only the direct cause of the increase in the loss of certain storage materials, but also the metabolites produced during the growth, reproduction and migration process will seriously pollute the grain. More seriously, the activity of worms can cause the raw materials to heat up, causing the growth and development of microorganisms, causing or accelerating mold. In the worms, the aphids have the greatest impact on mildew. The mites belong to the order of the genus, the genus Aphididae; the type of incomplete metamorphosis, the body is tiny and difficult to find by the naked eye. In humid and warm environments, aphids usually multiply in grains, feed, and in transportation and processing equipment, and are prone to mildew. The growth of aphids in feed has also become one of the reasons for customers to complain about feed in processing plants, so it is necessary to monitor and control the number of worms, especially locusts. Rejecting raw materials contaminated with mites.
2. Strengthen the storage management of raw materials after storage.
Moisture, temperature and relative humidity of the air are the main factors affecting the reproduction of mold and worms. When the raw materials are put into storage, they should be separated according to different varieties and batches. The stack of grain and grain should not be too high, and the distance between the pile and the wall, between the pile and the pile should be 20~50cm to facilitate ventilation and heat dissipation. The long-term storage of seasonal raw materials or hygroscopic raw materials is preferably a layer of wood with a height of 8 to 10 cm. In the summer, depending on the weather, the warehouse can be ventilated and dissipated. Timely repair the damage caused by the warehouse to prevent leakage and water seepage in the warehouse.
In principle, the use of raw materials can also be used in batches of raw materials that are not resistant to storage, depending on the moisture content of the raw materials, the degree of mold contamination, and the like. If the warehouse conditions are poor, you should not reserve too much raw materials, but should purchase and use raw materials on the principle of “fast forward and fast exitâ€.
Strengthen the clean and sanitary management of the warehouse, timely clean and dispose of the raw materials and floating dust generated during the loading and unloading process, prevent the long-term ground, absorb moisture and mold or breed worms; and transfer the raw materials that have been mildewed as soon as possible to avoid becoming mold. Source of pollution, infecting other raw materials.
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