Pesticides are products used to prevent, destroy or control diseases, insects, grasses and other harmful organisms that endanger agriculture and forestry, and to regulate the growth of plants and insects. In recent years, in the agricultural production, especially in food production, the types and quantities of harmful organisms have increased, the area has expanded, the harm has increased, and the use of pesticides has become more and more common.
How to use pesticides scientifically and rationally to improve the level of pest control? On January 5, Lei Shiming, an agronomist at the Municipal Agricultural Research Institute, gave a detailed answer to this question.
Biological control combined with chemical control
Biological control is the use of one organism to deal with another organism, which can be roughly divided into insect control, insect control, and insect control. It utilizes the interrelationship between biological species to inhibit one or another species of organism by one or a class of organisms, and is a method of reducing the population density of pests such as weeds and pests. "The biggest advantage is that it does not pollute the environment, which is incomparable to non-biological methods such as pesticides." Lei Shiming said that due to the long-term use of chemical pesticides, some harmful insects have developed strong resistance. Their natural enemies have been killed in large numbers, causing pests to be very embarrassing, and the use of biological control of pests and diseases can greatly improve the control effect, and thus has a broad space for development. In his view, strengthening the combination of biological control and chemical control can not only give full play to the advantages of low-toxicity and long-term biological control, but also make full use of chemical pesticides to quickly, efficiently, easily and eliminate pests. A large area of ​​crop pests occurs, achieving a good comprehensive control effect.
Promote low toxicity and high efficiency biological pesticides
Biological pesticides refer to the use of biological organisms (fungi, bacteria, insect viruses, genetically modified organisms, natural enemies, etc.) or their metabolites (pheromone, auxin, naphthaleneacetic acid, 2,4-D, etc.) to kill agricultural pests or Inhibitory preparation. It is a naturally occurring or genetically modified agent that differs from conventional pesticides in its unique mode of action, low dosage and specificity of the target species.
With the rapid development of science and technology, the scope of biological pesticides has been expanding, involving many species of animals, plants, and microorganisms, as well as a variety of biologically related substances with pesticide functions, such as plant-derived substances, genetically modified anti-harmful crops, Biomimetic synthesis or modification of natural products, synthesis of compounds, antagonistic organisms of artificially propagated pests, pheromones, and the like. "In summary, biological pesticides are mainly selective, safe for humans and animals; have little impact on the ecological environment; can induce pest epidemics; can use the advantages of agricultural and sideline products production and processing." Lei Shiming told reporters that a large number of introductions and promotion The biological pesticides with high toxicity and high efficiency have great practical significance for preventing and controlling crop diseases, pests and diseases and improving the safety of agricultural products.
Promote the professional control of crops
The prevention and control of crop diseases, insects and grass pests in agricultural production is labor intensive, employs more, has higher technical content and higher operational risks. It is a difficult point in the process of achieving scale, standardization and industrialization of modern agricultural production.
In August last year, the state promulgated the "Administrative Measures for the Prevention and Control of Crop Pests and Diseases." "Specialized and unified defense not only conforms to the development direction of modern agriculture, but also adapts to the law of pest control. It has become an effective way to solve the problem of farmers' prevention and treatment of pests and reduce pesticide pollution, and has improved the level of agricultural socialization services and reduced pesticide pollution. The goal of scientific and rational use of pesticides can be achieved, effectively reducing the burden on farmers and improving the safety of agricultural products.†Lei Shiming said that the city is steadily advancing crops in accordance with the principle of “government support, farmers’ willingness, gradual progress, market operationâ€. The specialization of pests and diseases has prevented the ruling work and achieved certain results. It has been well received and supported by farmers.
Strengthen market surveillance access
Scientific and rational use of pesticides
In the interview, Lei Shiming made a few suggestions for us. First of all, the relevant departments should strengthen the management of highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides, strictly determine the targets of spraying, and strictly prohibit the use of crops such as fruits, vegetables and tea. Secondly, the administrative department must strictly manage the agricultural materials trading market, strictly prevent counterfeit and shoddy products from entering the circulation field, strictly supervise the pesticide dealers, and establish a good sales account, and implement and implement Changde City’s work on further strengthening pesticide management. At the same time, to improve the entry barriers for pesticide products entering the Changde market, good quality and safety are guaranteed from the source.
"Scientific and rational use of pesticides is based on the different nature of pesticides and the occurrence of pests and diseases, rational use of pesticides, and the use of minimum pesticide control to achieve the best control effect, saving costs and protecting the environment." Lei Shiming said. This requires farmers to do the right medicine, timely fight drugs, appropriate amount of medicine, pay attention to the selection of appropriate pesticide formulations and varieties, pay attention to the different types of crops, growth and physiological characteristics of the drug, in order to avoid phytotoxicity, pay attention to the relationship between pesticides and natural enemies Consider the environmental conditions of the application.
At present, there are hundreds of varieties of pesticides used in agricultural production in our city. According to statistics, the contribution rate of crop diseases, insects and grass pests to crop yield increase is 10% to 15% per year. Scientific and rational use of pesticides can not only protect crops, increase production, increase farmers' economic benefits, but also allow consumers to consume green and pollution-free, non-residual agricultural and sideline products.
How to use pesticides scientifically and rationally to improve the level of pest control? On January 5, Lei Shiming, an agronomist at the Municipal Agricultural Research Institute, gave a detailed answer to this question.
Biological control combined with chemical control
Biological control is the use of one organism to deal with another organism, which can be roughly divided into insect control, insect control, and insect control. It utilizes the interrelationship between biological species to inhibit one or another species of organism by one or a class of organisms, and is a method of reducing the population density of pests such as weeds and pests. "The biggest advantage is that it does not pollute the environment, which is incomparable to non-biological methods such as pesticides." Lei Shiming said that due to the long-term use of chemical pesticides, some harmful insects have developed strong resistance. Their natural enemies have been killed in large numbers, causing pests to be very embarrassing, and the use of biological control of pests and diseases can greatly improve the control effect, and thus has a broad space for development. In his view, strengthening the combination of biological control and chemical control can not only give full play to the advantages of low-toxicity and long-term biological control, but also make full use of chemical pesticides to quickly, efficiently, easily and eliminate pests. A large area of ​​crop pests occurs, achieving a good comprehensive control effect.
Promote low toxicity and high efficiency biological pesticides
Biological pesticides refer to the use of biological organisms (fungi, bacteria, insect viruses, genetically modified organisms, natural enemies, etc.) or their metabolites (pheromone, auxin, naphthaleneacetic acid, 2,4-D, etc.) to kill agricultural pests or Inhibitory preparation. It is a naturally occurring or genetically modified agent that differs from conventional pesticides in its unique mode of action, low dosage and specificity of the target species.
With the rapid development of science and technology, the scope of biological pesticides has been expanding, involving many species of animals, plants, and microorganisms, as well as a variety of biologically related substances with pesticide functions, such as plant-derived substances, genetically modified anti-harmful crops, Biomimetic synthesis or modification of natural products, synthesis of compounds, antagonistic organisms of artificially propagated pests, pheromones, and the like. "In summary, biological pesticides are mainly selective, safe for humans and animals; have little impact on the ecological environment; can induce pest epidemics; can use the advantages of agricultural and sideline products production and processing." Lei Shiming told reporters that a large number of introductions and promotion The biological pesticides with high toxicity and high efficiency have great practical significance for preventing and controlling crop diseases, pests and diseases and improving the safety of agricultural products.
Promote the professional control of crops
The prevention and control of crop diseases, insects and grass pests in agricultural production is labor intensive, employs more, has higher technical content and higher operational risks. It is a difficult point in the process of achieving scale, standardization and industrialization of modern agricultural production.
In August last year, the state promulgated the "Administrative Measures for the Prevention and Control of Crop Pests and Diseases." "Specialized and unified defense not only conforms to the development direction of modern agriculture, but also adapts to the law of pest control. It has become an effective way to solve the problem of farmers' prevention and treatment of pests and reduce pesticide pollution, and has improved the level of agricultural socialization services and reduced pesticide pollution. The goal of scientific and rational use of pesticides can be achieved, effectively reducing the burden on farmers and improving the safety of agricultural products.†Lei Shiming said that the city is steadily advancing crops in accordance with the principle of “government support, farmers’ willingness, gradual progress, market operationâ€. The specialization of pests and diseases has prevented the ruling work and achieved certain results. It has been well received and supported by farmers.
Strengthen market surveillance access
Scientific and rational use of pesticides
In the interview, Lei Shiming made a few suggestions for us. First of all, the relevant departments should strengthen the management of highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides, strictly determine the targets of spraying, and strictly prohibit the use of crops such as fruits, vegetables and tea. Secondly, the administrative department must strictly manage the agricultural materials trading market, strictly prevent counterfeit and shoddy products from entering the circulation field, strictly supervise the pesticide dealers, and establish a good sales account, and implement and implement Changde City’s work on further strengthening pesticide management. At the same time, to improve the entry barriers for pesticide products entering the Changde market, good quality and safety are guaranteed from the source.
"Scientific and rational use of pesticides is based on the different nature of pesticides and the occurrence of pests and diseases, rational use of pesticides, and the use of minimum pesticide control to achieve the best control effect, saving costs and protecting the environment." Lei Shiming said. This requires farmers to do the right medicine, timely fight drugs, appropriate amount of medicine, pay attention to the selection of appropriate pesticide formulations and varieties, pay attention to the different types of crops, growth and physiological characteristics of the drug, in order to avoid phytotoxicity, pay attention to the relationship between pesticides and natural enemies Consider the environmental conditions of the application.
At present, there are hundreds of varieties of pesticides used in agricultural production in our city. According to statistics, the contribution rate of crop diseases, insects and grass pests to crop yield increase is 10% to 15% per year. Scientific and rational use of pesticides can not only protect crops, increase production, increase farmers' economic benefits, but also allow consumers to consume green and pollution-free, non-residual agricultural and sideline products.
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