1. Pay attention to the application of organic fertilizer
Soil organic matter content is the main indicator of orchard fertility, and is also the basic condition for producing high-quality high-end bagged apples. In many developed countries, the soil organic matter content of many orchards is 2.0-6.0%, while the results of soil testing in Jiaodong fruit area are generally 0.6-0.8%. Such orchard soil is easy to be knotted, and the fertilizer efficiency is low, making it difficult to produce high quality bagging fruit. .
Therefore, the use of organic fertilizer in the orchard and the improvement of soil organic matter content are the basic measures for the production of high-quality high-grade bagged apples. However, the bagged apple orchard cannot apply raw chicken feces, raw sheep manure and other unfermented stinky feces, and must be decomposed. Can be applied after it is rotten.
2, soil testing formula balanced fertilization
Excessive nitrogen fertilizer, fruit trees will affect the color of bagged apples, and increase the incidence of bitter pox disease and acne spot disease.
Excessive potassium fertilizer, bagging apples will yellow, flesh and hair, and potassium will antagonize the absorption and utilization of calcium, boron and other elements, will also increase the incidence of bitter pox disease, acne spot, affect quality.
Excessive phosphate fertilizer will acidify the soil, and many of the trace elements will become insoluble and fixed in the soil, while manganese
It also changes from a fixed state to a free state, which affects the balanced absorption and utilization of elements such as calcium, boron, zinc, manganese, etc., causing and aggravating bitter pox, acne spots, cracks on the skin, rough surface, shrinkage, and black spot disease. , the occurrence of various physiological diseases such as lobular disease and rough skin disease.
3, potash - does not advocate the use of potassium chloride and compound fertilizer containing potassium chloride
Apple is sensitive to chloride ions and is a chlorate tree. Chloride ions above a certain concentration will cause toxicity to apple trees. Therefore, potassium sulfate or potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer must be used for potassium fertilizer.
4, boron supplementation - no longer advocate the application of borax, advocate soil application "holding boron" and blade spray with "speed music boron" to replace borax
The reason is: borax is more than defective and unqualified products, it is difficult to distinguish between true and false; borax is insoluble in water and inconvenient to use; borax is not acceptable for industrial raw materials, boron utilization rate is low, and boron supplementation effect is poor.
“Bearing Boron†is a special-release slow-release boron fertilizer for the US imported soil. The pure boron content is 15%, and the fertilizer effect is lasting. Combined with soil application of base fertilizer, mix 400 grams per acre; or mix with fine sand or fine soil before germination and before flowering, and spread the soil under the canopy, 400 grams per mu.
"Speedo Boron" is a boron fertilizer for the US imported foliar spray. It can be quickly dissolved in cold water. It is easy to use, and it is quick to replenish boron and absorb quickly. The world's boron content is the highest, reaching 20.5%. The leaf surface is sprayed 2-3 times before and after the flowering period, and the spray concentration is 2000 times.
5, soil calcium supplement - is the fundamental measure to solve bitter pox disease and acne spot disease, but does not advocate the application of quicklime and the application of inferior calcium nitrate is strictly prohibited
The research results show that 85% of the calcium in the fruit is derived from the soil, and only 15% of the calcium is obtained from the foliar topdressing. Many fruit farmers do not rely on foliar calcium for the calcium supplementation, and the soil does not apply calcium fertilizer. This is not true. The combination of soil calcium supplementation and foliar calcium spray has the best effect, but soil calcium supplementation does not promote the application of quicklime and the use of inferior calcium nitrate is strictly prohibited.
The main role of quicklime is to neutralize acidic soils, and the effect of calcium supplementation is poor. If the lime is used improperly, such as burying the pit, it is easy to burn the roots and cause dead trees.
The market for calcium nitrate sales is confusing. Many of the calcium nitrates marketed in the market are tested by the technical department as a mixture of magnesium sulfate or magnesium sulfate. Magnesium is also one of the essential elements of apple. Magnesium can increase the brightness of apples and improve the quality. However, if magnesium is used excessively, magnesium will antagonize the absorption and utilization of potassium and calcium, causing the bagged apple to be yellow and not colored. ; bitter pox disease, acne spot disease is more serious.
Soil calcium supplementation - promote the use of "green raw shell organic calcium powder fertilizer." "Green raw shell organic calcium powder fertilizer" has a calcium content of 57%, of which organic calcium contains 25%. Organic calcium is more conducive to the absorption and utilization of roots. According to the calcium deficiency in the orchard, combined with the application of base fertilizer, each plant uses 4-5 kg.
"Green raw shell organic calcium powder fertilizer" can be mixed with all fertilizers such as organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer and has significant synergistic effect; and calcium nitrate and silicon calcium fertilizer can only be applied separately, and can not be mixed with other fertilizers such as compound fertilizer.
6, leaf surface calcium - to grasp the critical period of calcium
According to the calcium requirement of apples, it is the best time for calcium supplementation before and after apple bagging and before apple bagging. Calcium should be promptly and thoroughly supplemented. Most people value the calcium supplement before bagging, while ignoring the calcium supplementation after bagging and before harvesting.
Leaf Calcium - Advocate the use of the United States to import "fruit and vegetable calcium fertilizer." The effective ingredient of “fruit and vegetable calcium fertilizer†is calcium mannitol, which is the fifth generation of calcium fertilizer in the world. Calcium mannitol can penetrate the leaves into the veins and pass through the phloem to the fruit. It is the only calcium fertilizer in the world that can be transmitted through the phloem, while other calcium fertilizers do not have this effect.
The United States imports "fruit and vegetable calcium fertilizer" pure calcium content of 10%, foliar spray concentration of 1500-2000 times.
7, zinc supplementation - promote soil zinc supplementation and spray dry branches zinc supplementation and leaf surface zinc supplementation before and after flowering
The combination of underground zinc supplementation and zinc supplementation on trees is the best in controlling lobular disease.
Soil zinc supplementation combined with application of base fertilizer applied to the United States imported "Yu Li Boron Zinc". Before germination, spray the branches with "Hefeng Zinc" 1000 times +3% urea solution; before the flowering, the leaf surface sprayed with "Hefeng Zinc" 3000 times; after the Xiehua leaf spray, "Hefeng Zinc" was 6000 times. “Hefeng Zinc†is a special zinc supplement for importing from the UK. The pure zinc content is ≥70%, which is the world's zinc fertilizer with the highest zinc content.
8. Basic fertilizer application method - Advocate the use of "ditching deep turn" fertilization method, do not advocate ground spreading and shallow fertilization "ditching deep dip" fertilization method can moderate roots, promote new roots, developed root system, robust tree body.
The method of “ditching deep trenches†is: 4 symmetrical trenches per tree per year, with a ditch depth of 40 cm, a width of 40 cm, and a length of about 1 m (depending on the size of the canopy). When digging a trench, if it encounters a thick root with a diameter of about 1.5 cm or more, avoid it; if it is a fine root of 1.5 cm or less, cut it obliquely and cut it flat to promote the small and medium absorption root! After mixing various fertilizers and soil, apply them to the ditch, fill them in and fill them with water.
9. During the application period of base fertilizer, it is recommended to apply in autumn---early spring, and it is not recommended to apply base fertilizer after germination or after flowering and fruit setting.
In the middle of September, the application of the base fertilizer is best in the autumn, but the production often conflicts with the time of picking up the bags, so Shiji
Fertilizer can be carried out after bagging apples are harvested before freezing or after early spring thawing.
In the autumn, the base fertilizer is better than the spring, even if it is applied in the spring, the sooner the better. After harvesting in autumn, the fertilizer is applied for a long time to carry out nutrient transformation, and it is the peak growth period of the roots. The roots heal faster, the new roots regenerate more, and the nutrient accumulation is more, which can obviously promote the flower and fruit development in the spring of the second year. Improve the fruit setting rate and produce high-grade fruit.
The later the application of spring base fertilizer, the worse the effect is, it is easy to damage a large number of new roots and weaken the tree potential, and cause secondary growth of new shoots in summer and autumn, affecting fruit enlargement and flower bud formation.
10, the amount of fertilizer must be sufficient
If the amount of fertilizer is not enough, you will fool the tree, and the tree will fool you. The fruit trees are not flowers or flower buds, not full, and the quality is poor! For bagged red Fuji apples, the amount of fertilizer applied should be one tenth of the yield. Experts recommend: For every 100 kilograms of red Fuji production, you should use 2-3 kilograms of "green raw shell organic calcium powder fertilizer", 7-8 kilograms of other high-quality organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and add 400 grams of boron to each acre. The total fertilization amount of fruit trees should reach 10% of the yield. Fertilizing the feet and fertilizing well, the fruit trees can eat saturated and eat well, in order to achieve high yield, high quality and high grade!
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Soil organic matter content is the main indicator of orchard fertility, and is also the basic condition for producing high-quality high-end bagged apples. In many developed countries, the soil organic matter content of many orchards is 2.0-6.0%, while the results of soil testing in Jiaodong fruit area are generally 0.6-0.8%. Such orchard soil is easy to be knotted, and the fertilizer efficiency is low, making it difficult to produce high quality bagging fruit. .
Therefore, the use of organic fertilizer in the orchard and the improvement of soil organic matter content are the basic measures for the production of high-quality high-grade bagged apples. However, the bagged apple orchard cannot apply raw chicken feces, raw sheep manure and other unfermented stinky feces, and must be decomposed. Can be applied after it is rotten.
2, soil testing formula balanced fertilization
Excessive nitrogen fertilizer, fruit trees will affect the color of bagged apples, and increase the incidence of bitter pox disease and acne spot disease.
Excessive potassium fertilizer, bagging apples will yellow, flesh and hair, and potassium will antagonize the absorption and utilization of calcium, boron and other elements, will also increase the incidence of bitter pox disease, acne spot, affect quality.
Excessive phosphate fertilizer will acidify the soil, and many of the trace elements will become insoluble and fixed in the soil, while manganese
It also changes from a fixed state to a free state, which affects the balanced absorption and utilization of elements such as calcium, boron, zinc, manganese, etc., causing and aggravating bitter pox, acne spots, cracks on the skin, rough surface, shrinkage, and black spot disease. , the occurrence of various physiological diseases such as lobular disease and rough skin disease.
3, potash - does not advocate the use of potassium chloride and compound fertilizer containing potassium chloride
Apple is sensitive to chloride ions and is a chlorate tree. Chloride ions above a certain concentration will cause toxicity to apple trees. Therefore, potassium sulfate or potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer must be used for potassium fertilizer.
4, boron supplementation - no longer advocate the application of borax, advocate soil application "holding boron" and blade spray with "speed music boron" to replace borax
The reason is: borax is more than defective and unqualified products, it is difficult to distinguish between true and false; borax is insoluble in water and inconvenient to use; borax is not acceptable for industrial raw materials, boron utilization rate is low, and boron supplementation effect is poor.
“Bearing Boron†is a special-release slow-release boron fertilizer for the US imported soil. The pure boron content is 15%, and the fertilizer effect is lasting. Combined with soil application of base fertilizer, mix 400 grams per acre; or mix with fine sand or fine soil before germination and before flowering, and spread the soil under the canopy, 400 grams per mu.
"Speedo Boron" is a boron fertilizer for the US imported foliar spray. It can be quickly dissolved in cold water. It is easy to use, and it is quick to replenish boron and absorb quickly. The world's boron content is the highest, reaching 20.5%. The leaf surface is sprayed 2-3 times before and after the flowering period, and the spray concentration is 2000 times.
5, soil calcium supplement - is the fundamental measure to solve bitter pox disease and acne spot disease, but does not advocate the application of quicklime and the application of inferior calcium nitrate is strictly prohibited
The research results show that 85% of the calcium in the fruit is derived from the soil, and only 15% of the calcium is obtained from the foliar topdressing. Many fruit farmers do not rely on foliar calcium for the calcium supplementation, and the soil does not apply calcium fertilizer. This is not true. The combination of soil calcium supplementation and foliar calcium spray has the best effect, but soil calcium supplementation does not promote the application of quicklime and the use of inferior calcium nitrate is strictly prohibited.
The main role of quicklime is to neutralize acidic soils, and the effect of calcium supplementation is poor. If the lime is used improperly, such as burying the pit, it is easy to burn the roots and cause dead trees.
The market for calcium nitrate sales is confusing. Many of the calcium nitrates marketed in the market are tested by the technical department as a mixture of magnesium sulfate or magnesium sulfate. Magnesium is also one of the essential elements of apple. Magnesium can increase the brightness of apples and improve the quality. However, if magnesium is used excessively, magnesium will antagonize the absorption and utilization of potassium and calcium, causing the bagged apple to be yellow and not colored. ; bitter pox disease, acne spot disease is more serious.
Soil calcium supplementation - promote the use of "green raw shell organic calcium powder fertilizer." "Green raw shell organic calcium powder fertilizer" has a calcium content of 57%, of which organic calcium contains 25%. Organic calcium is more conducive to the absorption and utilization of roots. According to the calcium deficiency in the orchard, combined with the application of base fertilizer, each plant uses 4-5 kg.
"Green raw shell organic calcium powder fertilizer" can be mixed with all fertilizers such as organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer and has significant synergistic effect; and calcium nitrate and silicon calcium fertilizer can only be applied separately, and can not be mixed with other fertilizers such as compound fertilizer.
6, leaf surface calcium - to grasp the critical period of calcium
According to the calcium requirement of apples, it is the best time for calcium supplementation before and after apple bagging and before apple bagging. Calcium should be promptly and thoroughly supplemented. Most people value the calcium supplement before bagging, while ignoring the calcium supplementation after bagging and before harvesting.
Leaf Calcium - Advocate the use of the United States to import "fruit and vegetable calcium fertilizer." The effective ingredient of “fruit and vegetable calcium fertilizer†is calcium mannitol, which is the fifth generation of calcium fertilizer in the world. Calcium mannitol can penetrate the leaves into the veins and pass through the phloem to the fruit. It is the only calcium fertilizer in the world that can be transmitted through the phloem, while other calcium fertilizers do not have this effect.
The United States imports "fruit and vegetable calcium fertilizer" pure calcium content of 10%, foliar spray concentration of 1500-2000 times.
7, zinc supplementation - promote soil zinc supplementation and spray dry branches zinc supplementation and leaf surface zinc supplementation before and after flowering
The combination of underground zinc supplementation and zinc supplementation on trees is the best in controlling lobular disease.
Soil zinc supplementation combined with application of base fertilizer applied to the United States imported "Yu Li Boron Zinc". Before germination, spray the branches with "Hefeng Zinc" 1000 times +3% urea solution; before the flowering, the leaf surface sprayed with "Hefeng Zinc" 3000 times; after the Xiehua leaf spray, "Hefeng Zinc" was 6000 times. “Hefeng Zinc†is a special zinc supplement for importing from the UK. The pure zinc content is ≥70%, which is the world's zinc fertilizer with the highest zinc content.
8. Basic fertilizer application method - Advocate the use of "ditching deep turn" fertilization method, do not advocate ground spreading and shallow fertilization "ditching deep dip" fertilization method can moderate roots, promote new roots, developed root system, robust tree body.
The method of “ditching deep trenches†is: 4 symmetrical trenches per tree per year, with a ditch depth of 40 cm, a width of 40 cm, and a length of about 1 m (depending on the size of the canopy). When digging a trench, if it encounters a thick root with a diameter of about 1.5 cm or more, avoid it; if it is a fine root of 1.5 cm or less, cut it obliquely and cut it flat to promote the small and medium absorption root! After mixing various fertilizers and soil, apply them to the ditch, fill them in and fill them with water.
9. During the application period of base fertilizer, it is recommended to apply in autumn---early spring, and it is not recommended to apply base fertilizer after germination or after flowering and fruit setting.
In the middle of September, the application of the base fertilizer is best in the autumn, but the production often conflicts with the time of picking up the bags, so Shiji
Fertilizer can be carried out after bagging apples are harvested before freezing or after early spring thawing.
In the autumn, the base fertilizer is better than the spring, even if it is applied in the spring, the sooner the better. After harvesting in autumn, the fertilizer is applied for a long time to carry out nutrient transformation, and it is the peak growth period of the roots. The roots heal faster, the new roots regenerate more, and the nutrient accumulation is more, which can obviously promote the flower and fruit development in the spring of the second year. Improve the fruit setting rate and produce high-grade fruit.
The later the application of spring base fertilizer, the worse the effect is, it is easy to damage a large number of new roots and weaken the tree potential, and cause secondary growth of new shoots in summer and autumn, affecting fruit enlargement and flower bud formation.
10, the amount of fertilizer must be sufficient
If the amount of fertilizer is not enough, you will fool the tree, and the tree will fool you. The fruit trees are not flowers or flower buds, not full, and the quality is poor! For bagged red Fuji apples, the amount of fertilizer applied should be one tenth of the yield. Experts recommend: For every 100 kilograms of red Fuji production, you should use 2-3 kilograms of "green raw shell organic calcium powder fertilizer", 7-8 kilograms of other high-quality organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and add 400 grams of boron to each acre. The total fertilization amount of fruit trees should reach 10% of the yield. Fertilizing the feet and fertilizing well, the fruit trees can eat saturated and eat well, in order to achieve high yield, high quality and high grade!
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