Characteristics of wheat leaf rust
First, stripe rust is a prevalent disease that spreads with the wind. It can spread with the airflow at high altitudes and blows hundreds to thousands of kilometers without losing activity for reinfection. Second, the speed of transmission is fast and the damage is large. The spores of wheat stripe rust can be sporulated for 8-10 days. Each spore heap can produce 1800 spores per day. The generations overlap and cross each other. In the middle and late stages, the temperature in the field rises, the generations accelerate, and the spores form under the action of the wind. The flow is prone to disasters and it is impossible to prevent it.
After wheat is infected with stripe rust, it affects its development and grouting, thus causing wheat kernels to affect yield and quality. Once the wheat stripe rust is harmed, the light yield will be reduced by 10-30%, and the severe ones will be reduced by more than 50%, even if it is not harvested.
Wheat leaf rust symptom recognition
The main symptoms of the three types of rust can be summarized as "strip rust, leaf rust, stem rust is a big red spot." Stripe rust occurs mainly on the leaves, followed by leaf sheaths and stems and ears. In the seedling stage, the leaves produce a multi-layered arrangement of fresh yellow urediospores. In the early onset of adult leaves, the summer spore heap is small strips, bright yellow, elliptical, parallel to the veins, and arranged in rows, like the stitches of the sewing machine, in the form of a dotted line, the later epidermis ruptures, rust is pollen The object, touching the lesion by hand, leaves rust powder on the hand. When the wheat is near maturity, a round to oval dark brown summer spore heap appears on the leaf sheath, and a bright yellow powder, ie, urediospores, is emitted. The late ward produces black spors. The teliospores are short-lined, flat, and constant in fusion, ambushed in the epidermis, and do not crack when mature. Strip rust and leaf rust symptoms in the field seedling stage are easily confused and difficult to identify. The rustews of wheat leaf rust are nearly round, large and irregular, mainly occurring in the foliage. When the maturity is cracked, the epidermis is cracked, which is different from strip rust. If necessary, the rust spores of the stripe rust fungus and the leaf rust fungus can be placed on two glass slides, and a drop of concentrated hydrochloric acid is applied to the spores for microscopic examination. The protoplasts of the stripe rust bacteria shrink into several small clusters, and the protoplasts of the leaf rust fungus Shrinking into a large mass at the center of the spore.
Wheat leaf rust infection pathway and disease conditions
Wheat leaf rust is mainly harmful to wheat leaves, and also invades the sheath and produces herpes-like lesions. In the early stage of the disease, a round to long oval-shaped irregular red-brown summer spore heap appeared in the front of the affected leaves, and a small number of penetrating leaves were formed. Later, black porch spores arranged in a scattered manner were formed on the back of the leaves or under the epidermis of the sheath. After the germination of the bacterium, the germ tube invaded from the stomata of the leaf, and the urediospores and urediospores were produced on the leaf surface, and the repeated infection was repeated. After wheat harvest, leaf rust is transferred to self-produced wheat seedlings, and in autumn, autumn seedlings are infested and spread to neighboring wheat fields. After the onset of autumn seedlings, the pathogens are lurking in the leaves with mycelium or a small amount of winter spores over winter, and in winter warm areas, the germs continue to spread. After the wheat is greened, when the average temperature is stable above 10 °C, the bacteria invade the new leaves. The temperature rises early, and there is a combination of rain and dew. Leaf rust develops early and the incidence is heavy. The occurrence of this disease is related to factors such as variety, bacterial origin and weather. Wheat is planted early, early emergence and early onset. The winter temperature is high, the snow layer is thick, the snow cover time is long, and the soil moisture is heavy. There are many sources of wintering bacteria, high temperature in spring and many rains, especially before and after wheat heading, or high humidity in the field, and leaf rust is often prone to prevalence.
Wheat leaf rust prevention and treatment method
(1) Seed dressing. Before planting wheat, seeded 0.2% 3% difenotropium suspension seed coating agent, or seeded with 0.06% 6% tebuconazole suspension seed coating seed dressing, treating wheat smut and powdery mildew Diseases such as rust.
(2) Spray control. When the diseased leaf rate is more than 10%, spray 20% triadimefon emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times solution, or 12.5% ​​diniconazole wettable powder 2000 times solution, and the severe diseased field interval 10-15 days for two times. Adding "Tianda 2116" grain-specific 1000 times solution when spraying can significantly improve the disease prevention and stress resistance.
(3) Emphasis on the application of cultivation and disease prevention measures. Select disease-resistant and high-yield varieties; suitable for late sowing, reduce the incidence of autumn seedlings, reduce the wintering base of pathogens; timely plowing and cultivating wheat after harvesting, eliminating self-produced wheat seedlings, eliminating the source of local summery bacteria; good management of fertilizer and water, improving root activity and strengthening Plant resistance to disease.
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