Guiding Opinions on Summer Sowing Soybean Production Technology in Huanghuaihai Area in 2015

The meteorological conditions of soybeans in the Huanghuaihai area are generally good this year, and the temperature is the same as normal. In the southern part of Huanghuai, there was heavy rain in early June , and soil moisture was generally better. However, the wheat harvest period was delayed by 2-3 days than normal , and the soybean sowing period was delayed. The rainfall in the northern part of Huanghuai was less than normal, and the temperature increased rapidly in recent years. Soil moisture decreased, but it was generally beneficial to accelerate wheat sown and summer sowing. In order to guide the production of summer soybeans in the Huang-Huai-Hai area, the Ministry of Agriculture's Soybean Expert Steering Group and the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center proposed the following production technical guidance.

 

First, choose the right variety

 

Soybean varieties with high yield, high protein, good disease resistance and suitable for mechanized harvesting are selected to meet the needs of the edible soybean consumer market. The heat condition in the southern part of Huanghuai is relatively good, and the varieties with relatively long growth period can be selected, such as Zhonghuang 13 , Xudou 14 , Xudou 16 , Qidou 24 , Qidou No. 9 , Zheng 196 , Shangdou No. 6 , Yudou 29 and so on. In the central part of Huanghuai, the varieties with relatively mature maturity should be selected, such as cowpea 17 , Zhonghuang 30 , cowpea 28 , Hedou 13 , Zhonghuang 37 , Zhoudou 12 and Qindou 8 etc. Huang-Huai northern region to choose a relatively short growth period varieties, such as Jidou 19, No. 5 Han beans, beans Cang No. 10, Qihuang 35, No. 20 mint beans, Shanning 17, 35 and so on in yellow.

 

Second, according to local conditions, timely sowing

 

It is the key to obtain high yield of summer soybean in Huanghuai area by laying a good foundation for seedlings and ensuring that the seedlings are full of seedlings. Advocate no-tillage sowing, you can hurry up after the wheat harvest, use rotary tillage, fertilization, sowing, suppression and seeding, to improve the quality of sowing, where conditions can also be sowed with soybean no-tillage straw planter. The arid blocks in the north of Huanghuai can be watered and sown to ensure that all seedlings are planted; the southern part of Huanghuai should pay attention to the “three ditch” to prevent seedling damage. According species characteristics and soil fertility levels, to determine a reasonable planting density, general mu kinds of capacity of about six kilograms, about 40 cm row spacing, about 18,000 per acre seedling, soil barren land can be increased to more than 20,000.

 

Third, reasonable regulation of fertilizer and water

 

Most of the soybean fields in the Huang-Huai-Hai area have low soil organic matter content. When harvesting crops such as wheat and rapeseed, the straw should be returned to the field to increase soil organic matter. When planting, it can be combined with soil testing formula to fertilize, appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and less nitrogen fertilizer. Generally, 45% of compound fertilizer or 15 parts of diammonium phosphate is applied per mu, and the seed fertilizer and fertilizer machine should be used as much as possible to achieve sowing and fertilization at one time, and at the same time pay attention to separate seed fertilizer and prevent burning seedlings. If the ridge is not sealed before and after flowering, apply about 10 kg of soybean special fertilizer or compound fertilizer per acre ; watering should be timely watering after flowering to promote flowering and pod formation, increase the number of grains per plant; pay attention to watering during graininess prevention Reduce the weight, spray foliar fertilizer such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, foliar treasure to prevent premature senescence of the plant. On the early growth vigor, large groups, leggy trend plots can be poured before the first flowering of the soybean Control and Prevention, per acre with DPC 20 ml spray watered 20 kg, or 15% MET 50 g watered 40 -50 kg spray.

 

Fourth, the scientific use of herbicides

 

Soybeans are very sensitive to many chemical herbicides. They should be scientifically selected as herbicides and used in strict accordance with the recommended dosages to avoid phytotoxicity or affect the growth of later crops. After sowing, weeding and weeding are usually carried out with 50% acetochlor 100-130 ml per acre , or 72% dur emulsifiable concentrate plus 3-5 g of 20% soybeansulfuron WP, sprayed with 50 kg of water . In the field where the amount of straw is large, only the closed weeding can not achieve a good control effect. The herbicide can be selected according to soil conditions, weed species and grass age for post-emergence weeding. The control of monocotyledonous weeds mainly consists of fine quizalofopin, canopy, and stabilizing. The control of dicotyledonous weeds mainly includes Kekuole and Fenoxacillin. During the three- leaf period of soybean , the use of 24% gram of Lecald 30 ml per acre plus 30.5% of turf oil 30-35 ml, 40-50 kg of water spray, can simultaneously prevent monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds .

 

Fifth, timely prevention of pests and diseases

 

Focus on the prevention and control of soybean root rot, cockroach, bean stalk, black larvae and other pests and diseases. Root Rot Control of available seeds 0.5% to 50% Dover agent or seed yield of 50% 0.3% carbendazim dressing. Underground pests such as cockroaches and tigers can be used for seed dressing with phoxim or other pre-emergence baits. The black-streaked larvae can be used for systemic drugs 10-20 days after emergence . In the seedling stage, imidacloprid and other chemicals are used to control the sucking pests such as red spider, aphid, whitefly, leafhopper, etc. In the middle and late stage, organophosphorus, pyrethroid and high methyl salt, avermectin are used to control soybean bridgeworm and leaf roller.螟, bean hawk moth, locust, Spodoptera litura, pea pod, and heartworm.

 

Sixth, suitable harvest

 

Soybeans are harvested immediately after they are cooked. When harvesting, the harvester should be equipped with a soybean-specific header, or reduce the height of the harvester of wheat and other harvesters. The height of the header is not more than 17 cm, which reduces the impact of the reel on the bean strain and reduces the pods. Loss of falling weight. Correctly select and adjust the rotation speed and clearance of the threshing drum to reduce the damage rate of soybean seeds. If there are more weeds in the field, the grass should be removed manually before harvesting. Avoid the dew when the machine is closed, and prevent the grain from adhering to the soil to affect the appearance quality.

 

Source of information: Farmers Daily

 

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