The main components of soda lime are: calcium oxide (CaO, about 75%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, about 3%), and potassium hydroxide (KOH, about 1%), water (H2O, about 20%).
Industrial soda lime is calcined alkali stone (ie Na2CO3·NaHCO3·2H2O, potassium-sodium-rich limestone) to obtain Na2O.CaO or K2O.CaO product, and clarified aqueous solution is concentrated to make caustic soda.
It is a misunderstanding that soda lime is a mixture of sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide, which may be derived from the "soda lime experiment", in which calcium oxide is added to a sodium hydroxide solution and heated to make soda lime. Soda lime can be made from sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide, but it is replaced instead of both. But try to write a mixture of sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide. When preparing methane, the quicklime in soda lime does not participate in the reaction, but the quicklime can dilute the concentration of the mixture to loosen the mixture, making the generated methane easy to escape, and also reducing the effect of solid NaOH on the glass at high temperatures, preventing the tube from bursting. The water absorption of quicklime prevents the deliquescence of NaOH. The role of soda lime in the preparation of methane is to provide the reactant NaOH and dry work (CaO).
Different roles in different chemical reactions:
The carbonate is decomposed by heating to produce CO2. Only (NH4)2CO3 or NH4HCO3, the mixed gas produced by the decomposition is passed through soda lime, and CO2 and H2O are absorbed to obtain pure NH3. (drying effect)
Gas decontamination can be achieved by using its drying action, such as NH3 (H2O)
Soda lime can also remove acid gases such as SO2, H2S, HCl, CO2
The desiccant commonly used in junior high school is acidic, alkaline and neutral.
Desiccant as the name suggests is used for drying (normal in the middle school is dry gas, of course, can also dry liquid, secondary is not common), of course, depending on the nature of the desiccant, the type of dry material is also different.
Common desiccant (state of desiccant in brackets):
Acid desiccant: concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4), phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), etc.; mainly dry acidic or neutral gas
Such as SO2, CO2, CO, NO2, O2, NO, H2, N2
Alkaline desiccant: soda lime (CaO), NaOH, etc.; mainly dry alkaline or neutral gas
Such as NH3, CO, O2, N2, H2, PH3
Neutral desiccant: CaCl2 (s), MgSO4 (s), etc.; such desiccant is not commonly used because it is very complicated, such as CaCl2 (s), it seems that it does not react with acid gas seems to dry acid gas, but it can not Dry hydrogen halide (HCl HBr), because of the complicated chemical reaction, it is not in the middle school stage; in addition, it can not dry NH3, because it can form complex complex with NH3. In short, such desiccant is generally mainly dry. Sexual gas.
Another: 1, the choice of desiccant depends on the nature of the desiccant depends on the nature of the dried material, such as concentrated sulfuric acid is acid, so can not dry the basic gas; in addition, concentrated sulfuric acid also has strong oxidative properties, so it can not be used for drying Reducing substances such as H2S, HI, HBr, etc.
2 For liquid desiccant, it is usually installed in the gas cylinder (the gas enters from the long tube and the short tube). The solid desiccant is installed in the drying tube or U-tube.
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