The "autumn" has arrived and winter wheat planting has begun. Grasping wheat production, sowing is the foundation, and management is the key. In recent years, China's winter wheat production has achieved a continuous harvest. The basic experience is to focus on the quality of planting and promote the potential of full-scale management.
Go out of the wrong zone and change the concept. To overcome the "three big": First, the amount of broadcast. Some areas are planted in a timely manner, the machine broadcasts more than 25 kg, and the spread is more than 40 kg. In the case of low seeding quality, after suffering from drought and freezing damage, the large amount of broadcast showed certain advantages against the dead seedlings, which further encouraged the idea of ​​“having money to buy seeds and no money to buy seedlingsâ€. . The second is big fat water. In some areas, drought resistance and anti-freezing, emphasis on measures to move forward, fertilizer and water, large fertilizer water, fertilization in winter, returning to Qingshui in early spring, and returning to green fertilizer are common, leading to the phenomenon that the population is too large and late lodging. The third is a large group. Some people think that large groups are strong seedlings, some wheat fields have more than 1 million acres of stems before winter, the highest number of stems in jointing stage exceeds 1.5 million, the rate of tillering is less than 30%, and the rate of high-yielding fields is 40%. The requirements of ~50% are quite different.
Improve conditions and improve quality. We must adhere to the "three musts": First, the straw will return to the field. In view of the fact that in recent years, the straw smash is not fine, the quality of returning to the field is not high, the emergence rate is reduced, and the wheat is susceptible to drought and freezing. The straw returning must be combined with deep ploughing to improve the smashing quality of the straw and the uniformity of the tiling in the field. The stalks are smashed into the fields for 2~3 times. After spreading, they are ploughed into the soil or rotated 2~3 times to strengthen the watering or smashing the soil, and improve the soil water storage and fertilizer retention capacity. Second, the rotation of wheat fields must be suppressed. In view of the problem that the soil in the rotary tillage wheat is loose and run through the wind, causing the wheat to be frozen and affected by drought, it should be crushed after wheat rotary tillage, before or after sowing, compacting the soil, crushing the soil, leveling the ground, and making the tillage close. The seeds are in close contact with the soil, and the roots are erupted and stretched in time to improve the drought resistance of the wheat and promote the tidy and robust wheat seedlings. Third, the conditions are appropriate to broadcast. In the case of sensation and appropriate sowing date, the machine should be promoted to improve the quality of seeding. For the wheat fields where the soil moisture is too wet and cannot be mechanically cultivated, the artificial spreading is artificially spread into a mechanically uniform strip to further increase the uniformity of seeding and the emergence rate.
Put a good key to scientific management. It is necessary to put a good "three customs": First, the variety selection is off. Standardized variety layout, strict prevention of planting in the area, planting half-winter varieties in the Huanghuai winter wheat area, winter varieties in the northern winter wheat area, and semi-winter and spring varieties in the winter wheat area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. According to the production level, the varieties are selected, and the drought-resistant and dry-tolerant varieties are selected to prevent the introduction of irrigated land varieties. According to the main natural disasters in the local area, the varieties with dry and hot winds are selected for early maturity, anti-premature aging and anti-greenness, and the rust-re-rising areas are selected for varieties with resistance to rust. In areas with heavy rain and severe waterlogging in the south, we use moisture and resistance. (resistant) scab and a species with long seed dormancy. The second is the quality of land preparation. It should be based on ploughing (machine tillage or deep pine) or less no-tillage (rotary tillage), combining sputum, sputum (sputum), pressure, ridge, ditching, and hoeing, and correctly mastering cultivating and cultivating When working, reduce the cost of farming and energy consumption, and make reasonable farming to ensure the quality of work. The third is disaster prevention and mitigation. Vigorously promote the "four supplements and one promotion" late sowing wheat strain high-yield cultivation techniques (select good varieties to supplement the late; improve the quality of land preparation so as to make up the evening; appropriately increase the amount of sowing to cover the night; increase the fertilizer, fertilizer Supplementing the night; scientific management, promoting the growth of seedlings into more ears) and "six to six do not" drought resistance strain technology (to be early irrigation, not late irrigation, to warm irrigation, not cold irrigation, shallow irrigation, not deep irrigation, to furrow irrigation Do not flood irrigation, do not need large water and small fertilizer irrigation, do not use small water and large fertilizer irrigation, because the seedlings are irrigated, do not blindly irrigate, and “foster cultivation, safe wintering, fertilizer and water, scientific remedial†Remediation techniques.
Create suitable conditions and cultivate strong seedlings. It is necessary to strengthen the "three suitable": one must be suitable. The sowing date was determined according to the accumulated temperature required to cultivate the strong seedlings before winter. In the Huanghuaihai wheat area, the wintering and semi-winter varieties of the wintering and semi-winter varieties have a strong seedling age of 6 leaves and 1 heart to 7 leaves, requiring a cumulative temperature of 0 °C or above 600 ° C ~ 650 ° C; spring varieties 5 leaves 1 heart To 6 leaves for strong seedlings, the accumulated temperature of 0 °C or above is required to be 500 ° C ~ 570 ° C. The second is the right amount. The amount of wheat sowing is determined by the basic seedlings. Generally, the basic seedlings for timely sowing in the northern winter wheat area are controlled at 20 to 250,000, the northern part of Huanghuai winter wheat area is 150,000 to 200,000, the south of Huanghuai is 15 to 180,000, and the winter and semi-winter varieties of Huanghuai are 12 to 160,000. After the daily average temperature is lower than 16 °C, the basic seedlings will increase by 10,000 per day, but the maximum is not more than 350,000. The third is appropriate. Grasping the suitable planting of wheat can ensure that the seedlings will be preserved, the seed roots and secondary roots will grow in time, and they will be plunged into the deep soil to improve the drought resistance. When the wheat is planted, the soil with suitable plough layer has a relative water content of 70% to 80%.
Watering the science and optimizing the sensation. To pour "three waters": First, pour the bottom of the water. "The wheat is collected every year." The quality of the bottom is directly related to the level of wheat emergence and the length of the seedlings, the long roots of the seedlings, and the watering before the sowing. The second is to pour the winter water. Before the wheat enters the wintering period, the average daily temperature is 3~5°C, and the wheat field begins to freeze at night, and the water per acre is about 40 cubic meters. After irrigation, the soil is loosened when the moisture is suitable, and the soil cracks are sealed. The third is to pour the water. According to the weather conditions, timely pouring of joint water, combined with the implementation of nitrogen fertilizer shift, can meet the water demand and nutrient absorption at the booting stage of wheat, laying the foundation for the growth of the middle and late stages.
Rational fertilization to improve fertilizer efficiency. To apply "three fertilizers": First, apply enough base fertilizer. "The wheat is rich in the tires." When the wheat is planted or planted, the base fertilizer should be applied to make the organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer match, promote the early growth of the seedling, divide the roots, and lay the foundation for the growth after greening. The second is the main attack and joint fertilizer. Vigorously promote the "fertilizer and high-yield cultivation techniques of nitrogen fertilizer", pour the jointed water, re-apply the joint fertilizer, control the excessive proliferation of the inefficient tiller, promote the root system, the root activity in the late growth stage, increase the grain weight, and promote the development of spikelets and small flowers. Increase the number of kernels; promote the accumulation and operation of photosynthetic products after flowering, and increase grain yield. The third is to spray the foliar fertilizer. In the late growth stage of wheat, foliar application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea is used to reduce the damage of dry hot air, delay aging and increase grain weight.
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