Flexible Manufacturing Cell (FMC) is a unit that has been developed on the basis of manufacturing units and has some features of a flexible manufacturing system. It usually consists of 1 to 3 CNC machine tools or machining centers with parts buffers, tool changers and pallet automatic changing devices, and workpiece storage and transportation devices. It has the flexibility and flexibility to process multi-variety products and can be used as FMS. The basic unit can also be regarded as a small-scale FMS, which is a product of FMS's development towards cheaper and smaller. The flexible manufacturing unit is suitable for processing a variety of parts, and the number of varieties is generally several dozen. According to the number of working hours of the parts and the number of machine tools that make up the FMC, the annual output can range from several thousand to tens of thousands, and more than 100,000 pieces. Although the degree of automation of FMC is slightly lower than that of FMS, its investment is much less than that of FMS and its economic benefits are close. It is more suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises with limited financial resources. At present, many manufacturers at home and abroad have listed FMC as the focus of development.
First, the basic function of the flexible manufacturing unit
1. Automated processing function. In the flexible manufacturing unit, there are equipment for completing automated processing, such as turning flexible manufacturing units for turning, drilling and boring flexible manufacturing units for drilling and boring. At the same time, it can be supplemented by other processing. For example, the turning flexible unit can be equipped with end milling or drilling, tapping, etc. These automated processing equipment are controlled by computer and automatically processed.
2. Material transfer and storage functions. This is one of the significant differences between a flexible manufacturing unit and a single NC or CNC machine. The flexible manufacturing unit is equipped with an in-process library, material transfer equipment and workpiece handling exchange equipment required to operate the material storage capacity, and has a tool magazine and a tool changer.
3. Automatic inspection, monitoring and other functions. It can complete tool inspection, on-line measurement of workpieces, tool breakage (breaking) or wear detection monitoring, machine protection monitoring and so on.
4. Other functions of unit processing. Other functions of unit processing include cleaning, inspection, chip handling, and the like.
Second, the basic composition of flexible manufacturing units
1. Processing equipment consisting of a CNC machine tool (including CNC) mixed in a machining center or machining center.
The number of turning units for turning parts is generally no more than four. Most of the units that process non-rotating parts use a machining center as the basic processing equipment.
2. Automated workpiece transport, exchange and storage equipment inside the unit.
Depending on the characteristics of the workpiece and its transport mode within the unit, there are two ways to transport the workpiece in the unit.
1) Pallet conveying method. Suitable for FMC machining of boxes or non-rotating parts. In order to facilitate the workpiece transport and its clamping on the machine tool, the workpiece (or workpiece and fixture) is clamped on the pallet, and the conveyance of the workpiece and its clamping on the machine tool are realized by the pallet. Specific equipment includes pallet conveyors, pallet storage and pallet exchanges.
2) Direct delivery method. Suitable for FMC for machining rotary parts. The workpiece is directly clamped by a robot or robot to a CNC lathe, CNC grinding machine or turning center. A blank is placed adjacent to the machine to store blanks or workpieces. If the FMC needs to contact the external system, the material table is the pallet exchange station, and the workpiece and the pallet are output by the external conveying device (such as the trolley) input unit or the self-unit.
3. Information flow system.
The system implements processing, storage and transmission of information during processing.
Third, the basic form of flexible manufacturing unit
1. Pallet storage library type FMC.
It consists of a machining center and a pallet storage system, and is mainly used to process non-revolving parts. According to the structure of the pallet library, it can be divided into the following three types.
1) Ring pallet library FMC.
2) The ring pallet library FMC is characterized by the circumferential distribution of the pallet library. The pallets are transported between the loading and unloading stations and the machine tool pallets, and the pallets are transported through special handling devices in the center of the warehouse.
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