The cucumber in the protected area has high yield and high output value, and is the main crop for protection. However, in the process of production and fertilization, there are often many misunderstandings, which not only affect the yield of cucumber, but also affect the quality and efficiency. Based on years of production experience, the author summarizes the following misunderstandings and proposes improvement measures.
1. Application of unfermented organic fertilizer
In the process of stacking organic fertilizer, the activity of a large number of microorganisms decomposes the organic matter of macromolecules into small molecules that cucumber can absorb and utilize. The decomposed organic fertilizer contains a large number of microorganisms, and the activities of these microorganisms can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria in the soil, and can reduce the occurrence of diseases. The application of the unfertilized organic fertilizer not only fails to replenish the nutrients required for the cucumber in time, but also the activity of the microorganisms competes with the cucumber for fertilizer and burns. In addition, some pests, germs, viruses, etc., which live on organic matter and are parasitic in plant tissues, are often brought into the field with fertilization. When the external conditions are appropriate, activities begin to harm the cucumber. Therefore, the applied organic fertilizer must be stacked under high temperature.
Second, the amount of organic fertilizer is small, excessive use of chemical fertilizer
To obtain high yield of cucumber, organic fertilizer and fertilizer should be used reasonably. Organic fertilizer is a great source of cucumber nutrients, which can increase the content of various nutrients in the soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, prevent soil compaction, improve the detoxification effect of the soil, and purify the soil environment. Therefore, the application rate of organic fertilizer cannot be reduced. The application of chemical fertilizers should be applied in batches according to the demand of cucumbers in various growth stages, thus facilitating the effective use of nutrients, paying attention to preventing excessive application, resulting in nutrient loss, pollution of water sources and deterioration of soil environment.
Third, do not respect the law of cucumber growth, free fertilization
There is a difference in the amount of nutrients required for cucumber and the type of nutrients absorbed during their lifetime. During the growth period of cucumber, the nitrogen requirement is the largest, and phosphorus plays an important role in the development of cucumber roots, leaves and seeds. Cucumber is sensitive to potassium. The potassium deficiency in the early stage has a greater impact on the yield than the late potassium deficiency. When the time is not over. Therefore, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used as the base fertilizer and the early topdressing, and the fertilization effect is very obvious. The nitrogen fertilizer should be applied uniformly during the whole growth period.
Fourth, do not pay attention to formula fertilization, lack of micro-fertilizer
Although the application of organic fertilizer supplements the soil nutrients and increases the trace elements in the soil, today, when the cropping index is so high, it is far from meeting the needs of cucumber growth, especially in the whole growth period. However, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer will affect the absorption of other nutrients by cucumber, leading to the occurrence of deficiency and causing a decrease in the yield and quality of cucumber. Therefore, in the whole growth period of cucumber, it is necessary to pay attention to formula fertilization, it is best to use soil testing formula fertilization and foliar application of micro-fertilizer.
5. Watering immediately after applying urea
Urea is an amide ammonia fertilizer, which is easily soluble in water. After being applied to the soil, it is decomposed to be converted into ammonium bicarbonate, which is absorbed and utilized by cucumber. Watering immediately after application, it is easy to make urea lose with water and reduce fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, when urea is applied, it should be applied in advance and deep application according to the needs of cucumber development for fertilizer and water, which can increase the utilization rate by 28% compared with shallow application.
6. Calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers are used as base fertilizers on alkaline soils.
Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is a weakly acidic fertilizer, insoluble in water, and can be gradually converted into water-soluble phosphate by weak roots under the weak acid conditions. However, application on alkaline soil can not solve the urgent need for phosphorus in cucumber seedlings, and it is easy to cause phosphorus deficiency.
Seven, superphosphate on the surface of the field to do topdressing
Phosphorus has little mobility in the soil, and the range of movement is between 1 and 3 cm. Therefore, it is difficult to transfer the cucumber to the root system of the cucumber, and it does not function to supplement the phosphorus. (Li Yuying, Ren Zhikai, Gao Jie, Wang Yongquan)
1. Application of unfermented organic fertilizer
In the process of stacking organic fertilizer, the activity of a large number of microorganisms decomposes the organic matter of macromolecules into small molecules that cucumber can absorb and utilize. The decomposed organic fertilizer contains a large number of microorganisms, and the activities of these microorganisms can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria in the soil, and can reduce the occurrence of diseases. The application of the unfertilized organic fertilizer not only fails to replenish the nutrients required for the cucumber in time, but also the activity of the microorganisms competes with the cucumber for fertilizer and burns. In addition, some pests, germs, viruses, etc., which live on organic matter and are parasitic in plant tissues, are often brought into the field with fertilization. When the external conditions are appropriate, activities begin to harm the cucumber. Therefore, the applied organic fertilizer must be stacked under high temperature.
Second, the amount of organic fertilizer is small, excessive use of chemical fertilizer
To obtain high yield of cucumber, organic fertilizer and fertilizer should be used reasonably. Organic fertilizer is a great source of cucumber nutrients, which can increase the content of various nutrients in the soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, prevent soil compaction, improve the detoxification effect of the soil, and purify the soil environment. Therefore, the application rate of organic fertilizer cannot be reduced. The application of chemical fertilizers should be applied in batches according to the demand of cucumbers in various growth stages, thus facilitating the effective use of nutrients, paying attention to preventing excessive application, resulting in nutrient loss, pollution of water sources and deterioration of soil environment.
Third, do not respect the law of cucumber growth, free fertilization
There is a difference in the amount of nutrients required for cucumber and the type of nutrients absorbed during their lifetime. During the growth period of cucumber, the nitrogen requirement is the largest, and phosphorus plays an important role in the development of cucumber roots, leaves and seeds. Cucumber is sensitive to potassium. The potassium deficiency in the early stage has a greater impact on the yield than the late potassium deficiency. When the time is not over. Therefore, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used as the base fertilizer and the early topdressing, and the fertilization effect is very obvious. The nitrogen fertilizer should be applied uniformly during the whole growth period.
Fourth, do not pay attention to formula fertilization, lack of micro-fertilizer
Although the application of organic fertilizer supplements the soil nutrients and increases the trace elements in the soil, today, when the cropping index is so high, it is far from meeting the needs of cucumber growth, especially in the whole growth period. However, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer will affect the absorption of other nutrients by cucumber, leading to the occurrence of deficiency and causing a decrease in the yield and quality of cucumber. Therefore, in the whole growth period of cucumber, it is necessary to pay attention to formula fertilization, it is best to use soil testing formula fertilization and foliar application of micro-fertilizer.
5. Watering immediately after applying urea
Urea is an amide ammonia fertilizer, which is easily soluble in water. After being applied to the soil, it is decomposed to be converted into ammonium bicarbonate, which is absorbed and utilized by cucumber. Watering immediately after application, it is easy to make urea lose with water and reduce fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, when urea is applied, it should be applied in advance and deep application according to the needs of cucumber development for fertilizer and water, which can increase the utilization rate by 28% compared with shallow application.
6. Calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers are used as base fertilizers on alkaline soils.
Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is a weakly acidic fertilizer, insoluble in water, and can be gradually converted into water-soluble phosphate by weak roots under the weak acid conditions. However, application on alkaline soil can not solve the urgent need for phosphorus in cucumber seedlings, and it is easy to cause phosphorus deficiency.
Seven, superphosphate on the surface of the field to do topdressing
Phosphorus has little mobility in the soil, and the range of movement is between 1 and 3 cm. Therefore, it is difficult to transfer the cucumber to the root system of the cucumber, and it does not function to supplement the phosphorus. (Li Yuying, Ren Zhikai, Gao Jie, Wang Yongquan)
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