The scientific use of pesticides is to obtain the maximum control effect with the least amount of use, and to minimize the side effects (phytotoxicity) of pesticides. The method of scientific use of pesticides is now introduced as follows:
(1) Rational selection of pesticides based on the characteristics of pests
There are many kinds of pests and diseases in winter jujube. Each disease or insect has its own biological and ecological characteristics, and its sensitivity and response to pesticides are different. When selecting pesticides, on the one hand, the corresponding agents should be selected according to the type of pests and diseases. On the other hand, the best agents should be selected according to some weak links in the behavior and habits of the pests, as well as the surrounding environment and climatic conditions.
(2) Select the appropriate application device
According to the growth characteristics of fruit trees, a high-pressure sprayer is generally used to improve the atomization performance through pressure regulation, so that the droplets are fine, the lift is high, and the distribution of the liquid is relatively uniform.
(3) Properly formulating pesticides
Before using the commercial pesticides, it is necessary to dilute with water. It is necessary to know the required concentration (determined according to the water addition ratio of the pesticide) and the dosage (ppm) of the active ingredients in the pesticide. After determining the dosage of the pesticide, the correct measurement method must be adopted. The pesticide stock solution cannot be measured by the container (such as the bottle cap) of the non-metering device. It is best to use a measuring cylinder, a measuring cup and a pipette for liquid pesticides. Solid pesticides are directly used with small scalar scales, such as spring scales. The method of measuring the water used for drawing is to calibrate the inner wall of the water tank and draw a water level line with a marker pen, which can be used as a basis for measurement.
When preparing, first adjust the original drug into mother liquor with a small amount of water, stir evenly, and then dilute to the required concentration to ensure uniform dispersion of the agent in water, especially to reduce the formation of precipitates in the wettable powder. When using a suspension, the original drug must be shaken or evenly stirred with a stick.
(4) Reasonable compounding of pesticides
The mixed pesticide is a mixture of pesticide preparations of two or more active ingredients. Reasonable mixture of pesticides can cure several pests and diseases, reduce the dose, improve the efficacy, save labor, reduce toxicity, reduce the resistance of pests and diseases to pesticides, or prevent pests and diseases that have developed resistance to the medicaments. Two kinds of drugs that can be diluted with water. When mixing, you must first dilute one of the agents with the required rare multiple of water, and then use these liquids to dilute the other agent. Instead of mixing the two agents first, dilute with water. . When the emulsifiable concentrate is mixed with the aqueous preparation, the aqueous liquid medicine solution may be first prepared, and the emulsifiable liquid liquid is prepared by using the aqueous liquid medicine solution; if the wettable powder is mixed, a good levitation rate is required, and if the medicinal liquid is mixed, stratified, flocculent, Cannot be used when precipitation or the like.
Organophosphorus, amino acid esters, and pyrethroids are easily decomposed under alkaline conditions, resulting in destruction of their active ingredients, and therefore cannot be mixed with alkaline pesticides or alkaline liquid fertilizers. Common alkaline agents include stone sulfur mixture, Bordeaux mixture, etc., and fertilizers include ammonia water and superphosphate.
(5) Safe use of pesticides
Pesticides are a class of biological agents. Most of them are toxic to higher animals. If used improperly, they may cause poisoning of humans and animals. Special attention should be paid to the impact on the environment, especially the farmland ecology, in the use of pesticides. It is necessary to use pesticides in a timely and appropriate manner in response to the occurrence of diseases, insects and weeds. It is not advisable to apply large doses, large areas and full coverage at random to prevent excessive pesticide residues from contaminating soil, water and groundwater. It is necessary to avoid seriously destroying the ecological balance due to the massive killing of beneficial organisms.
(1) Rational selection of pesticides based on the characteristics of pests
There are many kinds of pests and diseases in winter jujube. Each disease or insect has its own biological and ecological characteristics, and its sensitivity and response to pesticides are different. When selecting pesticides, on the one hand, the corresponding agents should be selected according to the type of pests and diseases. On the other hand, the best agents should be selected according to some weak links in the behavior and habits of the pests, as well as the surrounding environment and climatic conditions.
(2) Select the appropriate application device
According to the growth characteristics of fruit trees, a high-pressure sprayer is generally used to improve the atomization performance through pressure regulation, so that the droplets are fine, the lift is high, and the distribution of the liquid is relatively uniform.
(3) Properly formulating pesticides
Before using the commercial pesticides, it is necessary to dilute with water. It is necessary to know the required concentration (determined according to the water addition ratio of the pesticide) and the dosage (ppm) of the active ingredients in the pesticide. After determining the dosage of the pesticide, the correct measurement method must be adopted. The pesticide stock solution cannot be measured by the container (such as the bottle cap) of the non-metering device. It is best to use a measuring cylinder, a measuring cup and a pipette for liquid pesticides. Solid pesticides are directly used with small scalar scales, such as spring scales. The method of measuring the water used for drawing is to calibrate the inner wall of the water tank and draw a water level line with a marker pen, which can be used as a basis for measurement.
When preparing, first adjust the original drug into mother liquor with a small amount of water, stir evenly, and then dilute to the required concentration to ensure uniform dispersion of the agent in water, especially to reduce the formation of precipitates in the wettable powder. When using a suspension, the original drug must be shaken or evenly stirred with a stick.
(4) Reasonable compounding of pesticides
The mixed pesticide is a mixture of pesticide preparations of two or more active ingredients. Reasonable mixture of pesticides can cure several pests and diseases, reduce the dose, improve the efficacy, save labor, reduce toxicity, reduce the resistance of pests and diseases to pesticides, or prevent pests and diseases that have developed resistance to the medicaments. Two kinds of drugs that can be diluted with water. When mixing, you must first dilute one of the agents with the required rare multiple of water, and then use these liquids to dilute the other agent. Instead of mixing the two agents first, dilute with water. . When the emulsifiable concentrate is mixed with the aqueous preparation, the aqueous liquid medicine solution may be first prepared, and the emulsifiable liquid liquid is prepared by using the aqueous liquid medicine solution; if the wettable powder is mixed, a good levitation rate is required, and if the medicinal liquid is mixed, stratified, flocculent, Cannot be used when precipitation or the like.
Organophosphorus, amino acid esters, and pyrethroids are easily decomposed under alkaline conditions, resulting in destruction of their active ingredients, and therefore cannot be mixed with alkaline pesticides or alkaline liquid fertilizers. Common alkaline agents include stone sulfur mixture, Bordeaux mixture, etc., and fertilizers include ammonia water and superphosphate.
(5) Safe use of pesticides
Pesticides are a class of biological agents. Most of them are toxic to higher animals. If used improperly, they may cause poisoning of humans and animals. Special attention should be paid to the impact on the environment, especially the farmland ecology, in the use of pesticides. It is necessary to use pesticides in a timely and appropriate manner in response to the occurrence of diseases, insects and weeds. It is not advisable to apply large doses, large areas and full coverage at random to prevent excessive pesticide residues from contaminating soil, water and groundwater. It is necessary to avoid seriously destroying the ecological balance due to the massive killing of beneficial organisms.
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